Jackson Era Review

Jackson Era Review

By ZACHARY HUNN

Lesson 1: Jacksonian Democracy

Multiple Choice

What event would have left the US in massive debt at the beginning of Jackson's presidency?

• Mexican-American War

• Trail of Tears

• The Civil War

• The War of 1812

Multiple Choice

During what roughly ten year period was Andrew Jackson president?

• 1810-1820

• 1795-1805

• 1855-1865

• 1830-1840

Election of 1824

Lost his election bid in 1824, despite being one of three "favorite sons" in the race. ​

​Jackson blamed Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of working together to get Adams elected through a "corrupt bargain."

​

This accusation followed Adams throughout his presidency.​

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a "favorite son" in politics?

• The clear predicted winner of an election

• The candidate in a race with the most donations

• a popular politician from a family with many politicians in it

• the candidate who is the "favorite" of their home state but doesn't have national party support

The Election of 1828

Andrew Jackson Wins

• Mudslinging on both sides

• Jackson carries support from frontier (west of Mississippi) states and the south

• Jackson ​gives rise to the new Democrat party

Multiple Choice

Which of these is the best synonym for "mudslinging?"

• Defamation

• Supporting

• Dirty

• Virtuous

Jackson as President

​What did he change under so-called Jackson Democracy?

• Removed the land-owning requirement for white men to vote.

• Fired most previous government officials (the "bureaucracy") to replace with his own men

  • ​This is known as the Spoils system

Multiple Choice

Jackson removing government officials to replace with his own men is known as

• Replacement Theory

• Spoils System

• Favorite Sons

• Nominating Convention

The Nullification Debate

Nullification meant that a state could use to reject any federal laws that were not in their best interest.

• People (including Jackson and Vice President Calhoun) were divided over high tariffs

  • ​Northeastern states supported tariffs

  • Southern states despised the tariffs

• South Carolina​ was so upset by what they saw as a government overreach that they threatened to secede (or leave) the Union.

• Ultimately, Jackson agreed to lower tariffs and used the military to force South Carolina to comply.​

This debate over federal vs state power is a constant thread throughout American history and will come to a head a few decades later in the Civil War.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best summarizes the implication behind Jackson's actions during the Nullification crisis?

• Jackson believed that the federal government should have unlimited power over states

• Jackson wanted lower tariffs for manufactured goods

• Jackson wanted to maintain limited federal power, but still believed the states were not truly sovereign (independent)

• believed in the power of states rights over the power of the federal government

Lesson 2: Conflicts over Land

Removal of Native Americans

Many Native Americans still lived in the Eastern states, including the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw

• These tribes, known by non-native Americans as the Five Civilized Tribes (yikes!) had their own farming communities that were similar to those of their non-native American neighbors.

• ​Five Civilized Tribes Museum

Multiple Choice

Which of these was not one of the Five Civilized Tribes?

• Cherokee

• Omaha

• Choctaw

• Creek

• In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee.

• ​Jackson challenged Marshall and refused to honor the Court's decision.

​ Cherokee vs Georgia

• Jackson had a history of fighting Native Americans in Florida and Georgia as general.

• Jackson pushed the Indian Removal Act in 1830.

​Andrew Jackson

Removal of Native Americans

Multiple Choice

What was the court case that stated that Georgia did not have the right to remove the Cherokee tribe from their land?

• Worchester v Georgia

• Plessy v Ferguson

• Cherokee v Georgia

• Creek v Georgia

Trail of Tears

• A small group of Cherokee signed The Treaty of ​Echota, which agreed to give up all Cherokee land by 1838.

  • This was not supported by the other ​90% of Cherokee tribe members, plus other notable Americans like Henry Clay and Davy Crockett.

  • The removal was approved by the Senate by ONE vote.

  • The Trail of Tears -- PBS American Experience

Multiple Choice

True or False: The Cherokee unanimously agreed to sign the Treaty of Echota

• True

• False

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• ​The U.S. Army built forts in the area and promised to protect the Five Civilized Tribes and maintain peace in the area.

• Settled in their new homes, they developed their own constitutions and governments. They built farms and schools.

• relocated in the eastern half of Indian Territory on lands already claimed by several Plains peoples, including the Osage, Comanche, and Kiowa.

​The Five Civilized Tribes

Life in the West

Lesson 3: Jackson and the Bank

Senators​ Clay and Webster

• wanted to use Jackson's vendetta against the banks against him in the election

  • Americans ended up supporting Jackson's veto instead of supporting the bank, as the Senators had hoped

Jackson was never a fan of the National Bank

• ​he despised the thought of a powerful bank controlled by wealthy elites.

Jackson's War Against the Bank

Multiple Choice

True or False: Jackson's veto of the National Bank charter was popular with American voters

• True

• False

The Election of 1837

​The Whig Party Emerges

• The Whig Party was created as an anti-Jackson party.

• They were defeated by Jackson's former Vice President, Martin Van Buren.

Multiple Choice

Which party was the opposing party to the Democrats?

• Republicans

• Federalists

• Whigs

• Libertarians

Multiple Choice

Who was the president who was elected after Andrew Jackson?

• Martin Van Buren

• Davy Crockett

• John Lewis

• Henry Clay

The Panic of 1837

​Jackson's defeat of the National Bank Backfires

• Without a national regulation of the state banks, many banks gave out too much money.

• ​The value of money plummeted and caused a devastating depression

  • ​Land values dropped, farms and businesses closed, and people were suffering.

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Van Buren's Response?

He believed in a laissez-faire approach to government.

• This means that he believed the government should do as little as possible.

• He did create a ​federal treasury where federal money could be held instead of holding it in private small banks.

  • This decision did help​ a bit, but it was very unpopular and cost Van Buren re-election.

Multiple Choice

True or False: Van Buren's decisions to help ease the depression in 1837 were popular

• True

• False

​The Three Whigs

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Who were these presidents??

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