Numeracy in Geography (A-level)

Numeracy in Geography (A-level)

By Jesus Evans

This online lesson...

*Please complete written elements in your exercise book for me to check

A combination of quiz-based and written exercises...*

Using

A mixture of familiar and new aspects of quantitative data handling...

Will cover:

Part 1:

Recap quiz​

10 questions on everything we have covered.

Please try to work from memory for the multiple choice,

but do use your book if it helps with written answers!

Multiple Select

(1) As more CO₂ is emitted into our atmosphere,

which of the following are true?

• CO₂ is absorbed by oceans, so lowering the pH

• The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events increases

• CO₂ is absorbed by oceans, so raising the pH

• 'Tipping points' may be trigged, causing more CO₂ to be absrobed into stores

Multiple Select

(2) Tectonic hazards are caused by...

• The movement and interaction of tectonic plates

• convection currents in the mantle

• slab-pull

  (under destructive boundaries)

• Ridge-push

  (under constructive boundaries)

Draw

(3) Using your mouse, circle the most destructive/deadly hazard presented by this volcano

Multiple Choice

(4) Preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation

are all components of...

• Degg's model

• Haiti's proactive approach to earthquake hazard management (2005 strategy)

• The hazard management cycle

• best practice exam technique

Multiple Choice

(5) Which off the following best fit the 'dimensions of globalisation' label

• Flows of capital, labour, products, services and information.

• The movement of manufacture to the East

• The 'McDonaldsization' of world business culture

• GNI/capita

  Mortality rates

  Time in education

Multiple Select

(6) Which of these are considered to be consequences of globalisation?

• Trend showing fewer low-income economies and more middle- and higher-income economies

• The creation and role of international organisations such as the World Bank, WTO, IMF, EU etc.

• The 'sameness' of high streets in geographically and culturally diverse locations

• The use of shipping containers to facilitate the international trade of goods

Multiple Select

(7) Which of these are considered to be drivers of globalisation?

• Trend showing fewer low-income economies and more middle- and higher-income economies

• The creation and role of international organisations such as the World Bank, WTO, IMF, EU etc.

• The 'sameness' of high streets in geographically and culturally diverse locations

• The use of shipping containers to facilitate the international trade of goods

Open Ended

(8) Explain the potential benefit to a middle-income country of attracting foreign investment from a TNC

Treat this as a four-mark question, using:

medium-level detail

a Point/Explain, Point/Explain type structure

Economic, Social, and SD indicators

Open Ended

(10) Explain the potential detriments to a middle-income country of attracting inward investment

Treat this as a four-mark question, using:

medium-level detail

a Point/Explain, Point/Explain type structure

Economic, Social, and SD indicators

Open Ended

(9) Explain the potential detriments to a middle-income country of TNC

Treat this as a four-mark question, using:

medium-level detail

a Point/Explain, Point/Explain type structure

Economic, Social, and SD indicators

Multiple Select

(10) The Philippines is a nation affected by multiple natural hazards, please click all that apply

• Tsunami

• Earthquake

• Volcano

• Typhoon

Using and evaluating data

In our last lesson, we began to use quantitative data methods.

In this section, we will pick up on that theme and then look at some complementary areas.​

Multiple Choice

Just to get your mind in the right place,

which of these answers is the best definition for

central tendency?

• 'Central tendency' describes any measure which tells us what an average looks like

• 'Central Tendency' describes force systems, like gravity or centrifugal force, that pull things into the centre

• 'Central Tendency' describes how governance bodies, like the WTO, bring countries to a central location, viewpoint, and way of thinking

• 'Central tendency' tells us how far away from an average the outliers in a dataset are

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(Take a note in your book if needed)

Analyses of numerical data are used to summarise patterns, helping us to more easily understand research findings.

Measures of central tendency are statistical tools that show us the overall ‘central’ trend (i.e. give us a sense of the average) within numerical data.

We use three measures of Central Tendency

We use the mean average

We use the median

We use the mode

​

Each has different advantages and disadvantages​

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Plus: Allows us to use other statistical tools/look at patterns more easily

Minus: Disproportionately influenced​ by skew and outliers

-​

When to use: When a frequency plot has a symmetrical, or 'normal' distribution (above)

Mean

​

Plus: Deals better with skew

​

Minus: Doesn't consider all data in a set, not useful for most other statistical tools.

-​

When to use: When a frequency plot has a high degree of 'skew' (lopsidedness) (median is blue line)

Median

Plus: Deals better with semi qualitative data (e.g. frequency of names) and multiple 'averages' (see above)

​Minus: Limited/no calculation opportunities as data is descriptive

When to use: 'Multimodal' distributions (above) or data based on frequency of non-numerical observations

Mode

Focussing on the mean

Please take notes, using diagrams, from the following slides.

Standard Deviation...

...shows how close most data are to the average value

We find the SD by calculation...

​

...a higher SD tells us that​ more data are further away from the average

...a lower SD tells us that more data in our results are closer to the average

​

The value of this is to help understand the quality and limitations of our results and the conclusions we can draw from them

Look at the image to the right...

​The green line shows a huge spread of data, away from the mean (in the centre), this suggests that the mean is less representative of all data

​

This is described by the large SD (20)​

​

Takeaway: Big SD = Big spread of data

Dispersal and Standard Deviation

​

Look at the image to the right...

​The blue shows a tight spread of data, closer to the mean (in the centre), this suggests that the mean is more representative of all data

​

This is described by a small SD (5)​

​

Note: Distribution is taller because same number of data are considered in both curves

Dispersal and Standard Deviation

​

Multiple Choice

The best measure of central tendency for these two sets of data (in graphs) is...

• Mean

• Median

• Mode

Multiple Choice

With a symmetrical (or near symmetrical) distribution of

data it would be best to use the ...

• Mean - allowing more techniques to be used

• Median - to discount outliers

• Mode

• Standard Deviation as a measure of central tendency

Multiple Choice

Standard Deviation is

• Descriptive, telling us how near or far to the mean most data are

• Useful when using the mode as a measure of central tendency

SD has a terrifying looking formula.

​

However, it is pretty easy ​to calculate, it just takes lots of steps

​

Copy this evil calculation ->

Calculating SD