MGT 213 (MIS) - Delapina, Pabellan

Chapter 2:

​Computers and Their Business Applications

By EMILY JAN DELAPINA & RODELLEN PABELLAN

Fill in the Blank

Fill-in-the-blank:

________ is a machine that accepts data as input⁽¹⁾,

processes data without human intervention by using stored instructions⁽²⁾,

and outputs information⁽³⁾.

2-1 DEFINING A COMPUTER

​If airplanes had developed as computers have developed, today you would be able to go around the globe in less than 20 minutes for just 50 cents.

processes the data to produce the expected output information​

​GIGO

Multiple Choice

Fill-in-the-blank:

The ________ is the heart of a computer.

• central

  process unit

  (CPU)

• arithmetic

  logic unit

  (ALU)

• control

  processing unit (CPU)

• central processing unit

  (CPU)

Components of Computer

​Hardware

Software

CPU

Processor Size and Operating System

BUS

​Disk Drive

Motherboard​

2-2 HISTORY OF COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

Major developments in hardware have taken place over the past 60 years. To make these developments clearer, computers are often categorized into “generations” that mark technological breakthroughs.

Multiple Choice

Which Major Technologies belongs to the Fourth-generation (1971-1992) of hardware computers?

• Parallel processing, gallium arsenide chips, optical technologies

• Miniaturization, VSLI, personal computers, optical discs

• Integrated circuits, remote data entry, telecommunications

• Transistors

• Vacuum tube

Multiple Choice

Which Major Technologies belongs to the Third-generation (1964-1970) of hardware computers?

• Parallel processing, gallium arsenide chips, optical technologies

• Miniaturization, VSLI, personal computers, optical discs

• Integrated circuits, remote data entry, telecommunications

• Transistors

• Vacuum tube

Multiple Choice

Which Major Technologies belongs to the Second-generation (1957-1963) of hardware computers?

• Parallel processing, gallium arsenide chips, optical technologies

• Miniaturization, VSLI, personal computers, optical discs

• Integrated circuits, remote data entry, telecommunications

• Transistors

• Vacuum tube

Multiple Choice

Which Major Technologies belongs to the First-generation (1946-1956) of hardware computers?

• Parallel processing, gallium arsenide chips, optical technologies

• Miniaturization, VSLI, personal computers, optical discs

• Integrated circuits, remote data entry, telecommunications

• Transistors

• Vacuum tube

Multiple Choice

Which Major Software Generation does Machine Language belong?

• First Generation

• Second Generation

• Third Generation

• Fourth Generation

• Fifth Generation

Multiple Choice

Which Major Software Generation does High-level Language belong?

• First Generation

• Second Generation

• Third Generation

• Fourth Generation

• Fifth Generation

Multiple Choice

Which Major Software Generation does Assembly Language belong?

• First Generation

• Second Generation

• Third Generation

• Fourth Generation

• Fifth Generation

Multiple Choice

Which Major Software Generation does Natural Language Processing belong?

• First Generation

• Second Generation

• Third Generation

• Fourth Generation

• Fifth Generation

​NLP is a subfield of AI that aims to improve communication between humans and computers.

​https://youtu.be/6gVPM3dGVoU

2-3 THE POWER OF COMPUTERS

Computers draw their power from three factors that far exceed human capacities: speed, accuracy, and storage and retrieval capabilities.

Multiple Select

Computers draw their power from three factors that far exceed human capacities. What are the three factors?

• Speed

• Critical Analysis

• Storage and Retrieval

• Accuracy

Process data with amazing speed, being capable of responding to requests faster than humans

​​Speed

​

​computers to not make mistakes

​

​

​​Accuracy

​Storage means saving data in computer memory

Retrieval means accessing data from memory​

​​Storage and Retrieval

​

1. Uninstall Unnecessary Software

2. Limit Programs at Startup

3. Add more RAM to PC

4. Check for Spyware and Viruses

5. Use Disk Cleanup and Defragmentation

6. Consider a startup SSD

7. Take a look at your web browser

​

7 ways to Improve Computer Performance accdg to HP Tech

​

https://www.hp.com/us-en/shop/tech-takes/7-ways-to-improve-computer-performance​

2-4 COMPUTER OPERATIONS

Computers can perform three basic tasks:

arithmetic operations, logical operations, and storage and retrieval operations.

Computers can perform three basic tasks:

arithmetic operations, logical operations, and storage and retrieval operations.

​

All other tasks are performed using one or a combination of these operations.

​​(1)

​Computers can add, subtract, multiply, divide, and raise numbers to a power (exponentiation)

​

(+, -, *, /, ^​)

​

(2)

Computers can perform comparison operations by comparing two numbers.

​

( x = y ​)

​

​​(3)

Computers can store massive amounts of data in very small spaces and locate a particular item quickly.

(4)

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE:

(A) Computers can perform four basic tasks.

(B) Computers can store massive amounts of data in very small spaces.

• (A) is True,

  (B) is False

• (A) is True,

  (B) is True

• (A) is False,

  (B) is False

• (A) is False,

  (B) is True

2-5 INPUT, OUTPUT, & MEMORY DEVICES

To use a computer and process data, three major components are needed:

input, output, and memory devices.

​Input devices send data and information to the computer.

Multiple Choice

ODD ONE OUT:

(Select the option that does not belong to the category)

Category: INPUT DEVICES

• Microphone

• Mouse

• Touch screen

• Keyboard

• Monitor

​An output device is capable of representing information from a computer.

​An output device is capable of representing information from a computer.

HP DesignJet Z9⁺ Pro

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE:

(A) Output displayed on a screen is called "hard copy".

(B) Output devices include plotters and voice synthesizers.

• (A) is True,

  (B) is False

• (A) is True,

  (B) is True

• (A) is False,

  (B) is False

• (A) is False,

  (B) is True

Multiple Choice

2-5c MEMORY DEVICES

Fill-in-the-blanks:

Main memory stores data and information and is usually _____ ;

Secondary memory, which is _____, holds data when the computer is off.

• non-volatile;

  volatile

• volatile;

  non-volatile

Main Memory

​

Multiple Select

Select all secondary memory devices.

• solid-state drive (SSD)

• hard disk, USB flash drives, memory cards

• magnetic disk, magnetic tape, optical discs

SECONDARY Memory

​

Cloud Storage

• Access files anytime, anywhere

• ​Prevent data loss

• Reduced cost

• Improved collaboration

• Improved security

• N​o maintenace

Poll

POLL:

Which of the following cloud storage facilities are you familiar with?

​(NAS)

​(SAN)

a dedicated highspeed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices

essentially a network-connected computer dedicated to providing file-based data storage services to other network devices.

2-6 CLASSES OF COMPUTERS

Usually, computers are classified based on:

cost, amount of memory, speed, and sophistication.

popular ipad business applications

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE:

(A) Computers are classified based on cost, memory, speed, and sophistication.

(B) Supercomputers are the most powerful classification of computers.

• (A) is True,

  (B) is False

• (A) is True,

  (B) is True

• (A) is False,

  (B) is False

• (A) is False,

  (B) is True

Multiple Choice

Fill-in-the-blank:

A _____ is a computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network.

• software

• computer

• network

• server

• Application servers

• Database servers

• Disk servers

• Fax servers

• File servers

• Mail servers

• Print servers

• Remote access servers (RAS)

• Web servers

​SERVER PLATFORMS

2-7 WHAT IS SOFTWARE?

Software is all the programs that run a computer system. It can be classified broadly as system software and application software.

Multiple Choice

Fill-in-the-blanks:

_____ is all the programs that run a computer system.

It can be classified as _____ and _____

• Software;

  system software;

  application software

• Hardware;

  system hardware;

  application hardware

Multiple Choice

Control programs manage computer hardware and resources by performing the following function:

Select the wrong answer.

• communication

• data management

• resource allocation

• job management

• data analysis

set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software

Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows, Google's Android OS, Linux Operating System, and Apple iOS

mac os

Works With Everything​

Rapid and Meaningful Updates​​

​Compatibility problems and Version confusion

windows

Windows vs. Mac OS vs. Chrome OS accdg to digital trends

https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/windows-vs-mac-vs-chrome-os-best-operating-system/

"It just works"

Better Together

​Limited Options

"It's a web world"​

Cheap and Easy​

chrome os

Poll

POLL:

Which of the following common categories of Application Softwares are you familiar with?

• Word-Processing, Spreadsheet, Database

• Presentation, Graphic,

  Desktop Publishing

• Financial Planning and Accounting,

  Project Management

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

• Others

6.1 Input and output devices for physically challenged users | Social implications of hardware. (n.d.). Siyavula. Retrieved March 19, 2022, from https://www.siyavula.com/read/cat/grade-11-cat/social-implications-of-hardware/06-social-implications-of-hardware

Khillar, S. (n.d.). Difference between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory | Difference Between. Differencebetween.net. Retrieved March 21, 2022, from http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-primary-memory-and-secondary-memory/​

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Other:

Bidgoli, H. (2020). MIS: Management Information Systems. Cengage Learning.

​Main reference

Some text here about the topic of discussion