Electricity 1: Electric Properties

Part I: Electrostatic

By Akram Varqid

Understanding Charge

Electricity - Electron

Electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle of an atom

Located in outermost position and very light

It can be ejected and received between atoms

So, electron can jump between atoms, creating a flow of electricity

As electron jumps to new place, it makes new place negative and place before positive as it lose electron

We have two type of charge

Positive and Negative

Charge will produce a force that will push or pull each other

Between same charge, it repel and different charge attracts

Object can be positively or negatively charged

Positively charged doesn't mean no negative charge, just it is less amount than positive. Same amount is neutral charged.​

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Electrostatic

Positively or negatively charged object

Can be produced by two method

1. Rubbing two object together: One will lose positive and one will lose negative.

2. Induction: Put a charged object near a neutral that connected to earth​, then cut it.

Google electrostatic rubbing and electrostatic induction for more information

Multiple Choice

How many charges exist?

• 1

• 2

• 3

Multiple Choice

Between negative charge and negative charge, what happen?

• Attract

• Repel

• Nothing

Multiple Choice

Which one is the method to produce charged object without touching?

• Rubbing

• Induction

Calculating Charge

Once you understand, you can calculate

All charge depend on electron.

The symbol for charge is Q, and the unit is Coulomb, C

1 charge is 1 electron, e. 1 e is 1.6x10^-19 C

To determine charge, Q=ne​ where n is number of electron

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Multiple Choice

What is the charge for 2 electron? Use formula Q=ne and e is 1.6x10^-19 C

• 1.6x10^-19 C

• 3.2x10^-19 C

Electric Fields

Attract and Repel happens, but only in field

Electric field is the region where a charge experiences electric force

Outside electric field, no force, no attract / repel.​

Electric field for positive is outward line of the charge

Electric field for negative is inward line of the charge

M​ore lines represents stronger field, stronger force inside it

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Negative

Positive

Example of electric field drawing

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Electric field reaction

Between two charges (same or different)

Done with electrostatic

Rest a bit before you continue :)

Part II: Electricity

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Electron that flow

Continuous flowing

Electron requires continuous flowing to create electricity.

If it has finish line, it will stop.

So, we need electric circuit that is closed​

Electron flow can be imagine like a river from a waterfall​

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Electron river

Flowing of electron is called current

Current represents how many electron move in time.

Like river, high current means small water but very fast, or slow water but very large amount. You can drown if crossing these river

Similarly, current depend on amount of charge and time

Formula I = Q/t where Q is charge in C and t is time in s​. I unit is Ampere A

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Multiple Choice

5 Coulomb of charge flow through a circuit in 5 seconds. How much current is produced?

• 1 A

• 25 A

• 5 A

Electron Waterfall

Mover of electron, called potential difference

The higher the waterfall, the stronger the current produced.

Higher waterfall have higher potential energy and work produced

Potential difference or Voltage represented by symbol V.

SI Unit is Volt which is also V​.

Formula is V=W/Q where W is work in Joule, J and Q is charge​ in C

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Multiple Choice

5 Joule of work is required to move 2 Coulomb of charge. What is the voltage produced?

• 10 V

• 1.25 V

• 2.5 V

Open Ended

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