SOL: Monotheism

SOL: Monotheism

By Pamela Carter

• Belief in 1 God

• Judaism - 1800 BCE

• Christianity - 33 CE

• Islam - 622 CE​

Dates are approximate

Monotheism​

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• Holy Book = Torah

• God - Yahweh (Hebrew word for God)

• Symbol - Star of David

• House of Worship - Synagogue or Temple

• Religious teacher - Rabbi

• Holiest City - Jerusalem

Jerusalem was chosen by King David as the Capital​

Judaism

• Considered to be the Father of all 3 Faiths

• Makes the 1st Covenant with God​

• Settles in Canaan - known as the Promised Land to Jews.​

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Covenant - Promise between God & his people.

Abraham

• After migrating to Egypt, the Jewish tribes had become enslaved.

• God chooses Moses - a Jew raised as an Egyptian prince to lead them back to the Holy Land

• Moses recieves the 10 Commandments

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10 Commandments - Moral & Ethical Laws

The Jewish Exodus

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• The Jewish Tribes were separated by events such as the Exile - the forced enslavement in Babylon

• After they were freed, many Jews moved to new lands - Led to Cultural Diffusion

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Diaspora- dispersal or spread of a people

Jewish Diaspora

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Multiple Choice

Who is considered to be "Father" of all 3 monotheistic faiths?

• Jesus

• Moses

• Abraham

• Muhammad

Match

Match the following terms to their correct definition

• Diaspora

• Exile

• Exodus

• Canaan

• Rabbi

"Scattering" of Jews around the world

Jewish capitivity in Babylon

Jews escape from slavery in Egypt

Jewish "Promised Land"

Jewish teacher

• "Scattering" of Jews around the world

• Jewish capitivity in Babylon

• Jews escape from slavery in Egypt

• Jewish "Promised Land"

• Jewish teacher

• Holy Book - New Testament

• Symbol - Cross

• House of worship - church or cathedral

• Religious leaders - Priests, Ministers

• Holiest City - Jerusalem​

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Christianity

• Jesus was born a Jew and was a carpenter until the age of 30 when he began his ministry.

• Influenced by a radical rabbi called John the Baptist.​

• Many believed him to be a long-promised Messiah​

Messiah - promised deliverer of the Jews

Jesus of Nazareth

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• After Jesus' death, his followers, called Apostles began to spread his message​.

• Paul - opened Churches & converted people in the Eastern Roman Empire

• Peter - built the 1st Church in Rome - 1st Pope

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Some Apostles were Disciples during Jesus' life.

Spread of Christianity

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• For the first 300 years, Christians​ were persecuted for failure to worship the Roman gods or Emperor.

• Martyrs were willing to die for their beliefs​.

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Christianity & the Roman Empire

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• Roman Emperor who converts to Christianity

• Legalizes Christianity with the Edict of Milan in 313.

• Orders a Council of Bishops to create the Nicene Creed.

• Builds Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem​

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Edict - official order

Constantine

• Constantine legalizes in 313 CE

• Theodosius makes it official religion in 380 CE

• Christianity spreads rapidly throughout empire​

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Spread of Christianity

• After Rome, the Church becomes the unifying factor in Western Europe

• Missionaries spread the faith to the Germanic Tribes​

• Frankish king Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor - cementing relationship between the Church and Secular Rulers​

Secular - non-religiouis

Christianity in Middle Ages

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Multiple Choice

Christianity is rooted in what religion?

• Zoroastrianism

• Judaism

• Islam

• Hinduism

Multiple Choice

The Apostle Paul is known for all of the following EXCEPT

• Writing influential letters called the Epistles

• Opening Churches in Asia Minor and the Anatolia Peninsula

• Building the first church in the city of Rome

• Originally a Jew called Saul

Match

Match the following terms to their correct definition.

• Martyr

• Edict

• Messiah

• Creed

Someone willing to die for their beliefs

An order from an official

Savior

Statement of beliefs

• Someone willing to die for their beliefs

• An order from an official

• Savior

• Statement of beliefs

Multiple Choice

What official doctrine ended the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire?

• Edict of Theodosius

• Pax Romana

• Edict of Milan

• the Twelve Tables

Multiple Choice

The Emperor Constantine is known for all of the following EXCEPT

• Ending the persecution of Christians

• Making Christianity the official religion of Rome

• Having the Church of the Holy Sepulcher built in Jerusalem

• Ordering the creation of the Nicene Creed with established Christian doctrine

• Founder: Muhammad

• God: Allah (Arabic)

• Ho​ly Book: Qur'an (Koran)

• ​Symbol: Crescent Moon & Star

• House of Worship: Mosque

• Prayer Leader: Imam

• ​Holiest City - Mecca

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The cities of Medina and Jerusalem are also considered Holy

Islam

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• Caravan leader in Mecca

• Hears the Angel Gabriel who says Allah has chosen him as the last & the greatest of the prophets​

• These conversations with Gabriel are the Revelations - where he reveals God's commands

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Mecca was a center of Trade

Muhammad

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• ​Because of the opposition of Meccan Merchants, Muhammad & followers escape to Medina (originally Yathrib) (622)

• He becomes a Religious & Political leader​

• Returns to Mecca., redidicates the Kaaba (632)​

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622 CE marks the 1s year of the Islamic Calendar

Hijrah (Hegira)

• After Muhammad's Death, Islam will spread under the rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs & the Umayyad Dynasty

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Spread of Islam

• Diffusion along trade routes​ from Mecca & Medina

• ​Spread despite geographic barriers (Mountains/Desert/Water

• Weakened Persian & Byzantine Empire meant little reistance

Islam also appealed to many people

Reasons for spread of Islam

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1. Death of 4th Caliph, Ali, leads to the Sunni/Shi'a split​

2. ​Muslim conquest of Damascus and Jerusalem

3. ​Capital moves to Baghdad under Abassids

4. ​Muslim defeat at Battle of Tours (732) stops Muslim advances into Europe.

Historical Events

​Sunni-Shi'a Split

​Sunni	​Shi'a
​Majority of Muslims (85%)	​Minority of Muslims (15%)
​Followed Umayyad Dynasty	​Followed Ali & Fatima
​Caliph can be any righteous Muslim	​Caliph must be a descendent of Ali & Fatima
​Imam is a prayer leader	​Iman is a Relgious/Political leader

• Basic Beliefs of Islam​

• Guide the lives of Muslims​

• Faith, Fasting (during Ramadan) Prayer (5 times). Pilgrimage (Hajj), Alms (Charity)​

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5 Pillars of Islam

SCIENCE

1. ​Arabic Numerals (adapted from India)

2. Algebra - Al-Jabr - developed by al-Khwarizmi

3. Medicine:

   1. al-Razi - Study on Smallpox/Measels

   2. Ibn Sina - 1st Medical encyclopedia

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Islamic Achievements​

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Art/Architecture

1. Dome of the Rock

   1. Mosque in Jerusalem

2. Kaaba

   1. Shrine in Mecca

3. Hagia Sophia

   1. Church turned into Mosque - Istanbul

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Islamic Achievements

Match

Match the following terms to their correct description.

• Revelations

• Hajj

• Quran

• Hijrah

• Caliph

Mohammad talks to Gabriel

Pilgrimage to Mecca

The holy book of Islam

Muhammad's escape to Medina

Successor to Mohammad

• Mohammad talks to Gabriel

• Pilgrimage to Mecca

• The holy book of Islam

• Muhammad's escape to Medina

• Successor to Mohammad

Reorder

Place the following events in the correct order.

• Mohammad hears the voice of Gabriel

• Mohammad escapes Mecca during the Hijrah

• Mohammad destroys the idols of the Kaaba

• Abu Bakr becomes the 1st Caliph

• The Sunni-Shia split occurs

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

What event stopped the spread of Islam into Europe?

• There is no event that stopped the spread of Islam into Europe.
• The Crusades
• The Black Death
• The Battle of Tours

Categorize

Options (8)

Majority of Muslims

Minority of Muslims

Believed Caliph can be any righteous Muslim

Caliph must be a descendant of Ali

Imam is prayer leader only

Imam is religious leader

Identify the following as belonging to the Sunni or Shi'a Branch of Islam

Sunni

Shi'a

Multiple Choice

What language spread with the spread of Islam?

• Hebrew

• Arabic

• Aramaic

• Egyptian