Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System

By Aguado Angelica

Multiple Choice

Where is the heart located?

• In your leg

• slightly left to the center of the chest

• slightly right to the center of the chest

• on the left side of your body

Objectives

• List the main parts of the cardiovascular system including the heart and the blood vessels

• Relate between the structure and the function of the three types of blood vessels namely arteries, veins and capillaries

• Sequence the pathway of the blood through the cardiac, pulmonary and systemic circulations

• Relate between the structure of the heart and its main role in pumping blood

•The cardiovascular system consists of heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries, venules, arterioles)

•2 PARTS:

• PULMONARY CIRCUIT:

–Carries blood to the lungs & returns to heart

–Eliminates CO2 and oxygenates blood

•SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

–Supplies blood to rest of body

–Circulates waste products to various organs for removal form blood

Where is the heart

• •Cone-shaped organ about the size of a loose fist

  •In the mediastinum

  •Extends from the level of the second rib to about the level of the sixth rib

  •Slightly left of the midline

• Heart is bordered:

  Laterally by the lungs

  Posteriorly by the vertebral column

  Anteriorly by the sternum

  
  

  Rests on the diaphragm (inferiorly)

Structures of the Heart

• •Heart coverings

  –Pericardium

  •Covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to the heart

  •Visceral pericardium

  –Innermost layer

  –Directly on the heart

  •Parietal pericardium

  –Layer on top of the visceral pericardium  

Structures of the heart

•Heart walls:

–Epicardium

•Outermost layer

•Fat to cushion heart

–Myocardium

•Middle layer

•Primarily cardiac muscle

–Endocardium

•Innermost layer

•Thin and smooth

•Stretches as the heart pumps

Structures of the Heart cont...

•Four chambers

–Two atria

•Upper chambers

•Left and right

•Separated by interatrial septum

Structures of the Heart cont...

•(Four Chambers)

Two ventricles

•Lower chambers

•Left and right

•Separated by interventricular septum

Heart Valves

•Tricuspid valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

•Bicuspid (mitral) valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts

The functions of the cardiopulmonary system

The functions of these interdependent systems are responsible for picking up and carrying oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body, and discarding carbon dioxide.

Structure of the cardiopulmonary system

• Heart

• Blood vessels and blood

• Lungs

• Trachea

• Bronchi

• But the major parts are the Heart and Lungs

Heart

The heart sends blood through the body and carries oxygen within the cells. Once the oxygen is delivered the blood returns to the heart. Then the heart send the blood to the lungs to get oxygen. This is a repeating cycle.

Lungs

The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs. The trachea conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular branches called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches, finally becoming microscopic.