Muscle Fiber types, energy supply mechanisms and types of contra

Muscle Fiber types, energy supply mechanisms and types of contra

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​We call Type 2 x Type 2b

also Type I is also called slow oxidative​ or S. O.

Type 2a is called Fast oxidative glycolytic or F.O.G. And Type 2b is called Fast Glycolytic or

F. G.

Make sure you know which types can and do use oxygen​

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​Type 1 is red in appearance under a microscope and is slow twitch. It is also smaller in diameter than other fibers. It has many mitochondria because it must use oxygen. In a chicken we call it the "dark" meat it is found in the legs and burns lots of fat.

​The smaller red fibers are S.O. The larger red fibers are F.O.G. and the white fibers are F.G.

​Type 2b fibers or F.G. are power fibers that only use glycolysis for energy and oxygen is not involved but a substance called lactic acid builds up when we use those fibers and it causes muscle fatigue.

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is a key characteristic of Fast Twitch B muscle fibers? 

• They are Red in color, meaning they contain a lot of mitochondria
• They contract rapidly with great force but fatigue fast (as they use creatine phosphate pathway)
• They are recruited for long duration activities
• They contain high numbers of Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is a key characteristic of slow twitch muscle fibers? 

• They contain large amounts of Mitochondria
• They are fast to fatigue
• They are recruited last
• They contain low numbers of Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Muscle fatigue sets in due to the nonavailability of 

• calcium
• ATP
• actin binding sites
• sodium

Multiple Choice

Long distance runners have large proportion of ___________ fibers.

• slow oxidative
• fast oxidative
• fast glycolytic

Multiple Choice

_________ fibers are white in color due to the lack of myoglobin.

• slow oxidative
• fast glycolytic
• fast oxidative

Multiple Choice

World-class sprinters can have up to ____ more of fast twitch muscle fibres in their body

• 20%
• 40%
• 60%
• 80%

Multiple Choice

Marathon runners can have up to ____ % or more of slow twitch muscle fibers in their bodies

• 20%
• 40%
• 60%
• 80%

Multiple Choice

In the postural muscles of the neck, back, and leg, you would expect to find a high proportion of...

• Type I
• Type IIa
• Type IIb

Multiple Choice

Type IIa Muscle Fibres are linked to which activity?

• 400m
• 100m
• 1500m
• 10,000m

Multiple Choice

Slow twitch muscle fibres can be broken into 2 different categories....

• True 
• False

Multiple Choice

Type IIa Fibres are called...

• Fast Oxidative
• Fast Glycolytic
• Slow Oxidative
• Slow Glycolytic

Multiple Choice

Fast twitch muscle fibres can be broken into 2 different categories....

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

What is the role of mitochondria in the muscle cell?

• Produce oxygen
• Produce energy from aerobic respiration
• Produce energy from anaerobic respiration
• Creates muscle contraction

Multiple Choice

Which muscle fibre is the largest in diameter?

• Type 1
• Type 2a
• Type 2b
• Type 16

Multiple Choice

Which muscle fibre produces the lowest force when in contracts?

• Type 1
• Type 2a
• Type 2b
• Type 3

Multiple Choice

Creatine phosphate is the first enery source for muscle contraction

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

What kicks in when we run out of stored energy sources in the muscle but yields very few ATP?

• creatine phosphate

• glycolysis

• aerobic

• none of these

Multiple Choice

Aerobic respiration is the most efficient form because it yields almost 38 ATP.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Glycolysis is anaerobic meaning it does not use oxygen.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

In the first few seconds of muscle movement the energy is supplied by...

• aerobic respiration

• glycolysis

• stored ATP

• creatine phosphate

Multiple Choice

Type 2B or F.G. muscle would only use

• stored ATP

• Creatine Phosphate

• Glycolysis

• it would use all of these

Multiple Choice

Type 2b muscle fibers would use aerobic respiration.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Creatine phosphate is the 2nd energy source utilized and can last up to about 20 seconds.

• true

• false

​Types of contraction can be confusing so lets review the kind we use to move things and or exercise...

​As such, an isotonic contraction is one in which the muscle maintains the same tension as it shortens. Examples of activities that involve isotonic contractions include walking, running or lifting a light object. Isotonic contractions come in two varieties: concentric and eccentric. In a concentric contraction, the muscle shortens when its tension is greater than the force opposing it, such as your biceps does when performing an arm curl. In an eccentric contraction, the force is greater than the muscle tension, causing the muscle to elongate; this happens when going down stairs or sitting down in a chair, as the effects of gravity add to the opposing force.

​“Isometric” means “same length,” and in contractions of this variety, the muscle does not shorten and its tension never exceeds the opposing force. Examples of isometric exercises include holding a weight in place above the ground or pushing against a stationary object. While the entire muscle does not change length during an isometric contraction, the individual muscle fibers will shorten. As such, isometric exercises can help to strengthen a muscle.

These are often used in physical therapy to reduce atrophy (shrinkage of a muscle). You can work the muscle without bending or moving the joint.

​

​A third type of contraction is “isokinetic,” or “same motion.” In these contractions, the muscle shortens at a consistent rate throughout the motion. Exercises involving isokinetic contractions are often used in rehabilitation settings, and generally require the use of special equipment capable of providing consistent resistance and velocity throughout the activity. The key term is accommodating meaning the machine senses your effort and adjusts the resistance. Water can be used partially for this type of exercise because it accomodates

​Now for the electrical types of contraction. The body can using electrical impulse produce several types of contraction and this also helps with the strength or tension of the contraction.

Multiple Choice

A quick Jerky response to a stimulus is what type of contraction?

• Twitch

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

Multiple Choice

A contraction where only 1 or just a very few muscle fibers contract in response to a stimulus

• Twitch

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

Multiple Choice

This type of contraction is produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession

• Twitch

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

Multiple Choice

This type of contraction is also known as Tetanus

• Twitch

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

Multiple Choice

This type of muscle contraction will fire against a load, but WILL NOT shorten or lengthen

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

This type of muscle contraction will fire at a constant, unchanging length

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Select

These types of muscle contraction will fire against a load, and shorten causing movement at the joint (There is MORE THAN ONE Answer)

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

Which type of CONCENTRIC contraction will have resistance through the FULL RANGE OF MOTION

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

Which type of CONCENTRIC contraction will have resistance through MOST OF THE RANGE OF MOTION

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

These types of muscle contraction will fire against a load, and LENGTHEN while there is movement at the joint

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

Landing from a Jump (Rebound or Volleyball Block), decelerating at the end of a sprint or lowering a heavy weight so it doesn't break are examples of what kind of muscle contraction?

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

Shoveling dirt, kicking a soccer ball, swinging a baseball or softball bat are examples of what kind of muscle contraction?

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

Planking, doing a wall sit, carrying a load of firewood, playing in a tug-of-war where NO ONE is moving are examples of what kind of muscle contraction?

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Choice

What type of contraction is this?

• Tetanic

• Isometric

• Isotonic

• Isokinetic

• Eccentric

Multiple Select

Which contractions are concentric?

Multiple Choice

What type of contraction occurs after wave summation?

• unfused tetanus

• tetanus

• twitch

• none of these

Multiple Choice

Which type of contraction is the weakest and rarely used?

• tetanus

• wave summation

• unfused tetanus

• twitch