Unit 7 Lesson

Unit 7 Lesson

By Derek Hathaway

Multiple Choice

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

• Shows how plants evolved from fungus

• Eukaryote cells evolved from prokaryote cells

• Animal cells evolved from plant cells

• Bacteria cells evolved from eukaryote cells

Multiple Choice

The image shows a simple diagram of an early eukaryote cell. A cell containing a mitochondrion engulfs a primitive photosynthetic bacterial cell. What type of modern day cell would this become?

• Plant

• Animal

• Bacteria

• Fungus

Multiple Choice

What does 1 & 4 represent?

• 1 = aerobic bacteria

  4 = cyanobacteria

• 1 = anaerobic bacteria

  4 = cyanobacteria

• 1 = cyanobacteria

  4 = aerobic bacteria

• 1 = cyanobacteria

  4 = anaerobic bacteria

Domains and Kingdoms of Life

Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria

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• Both Prokaryotic

• Both don't have membrane-bound organelles (such as chloroplasts or mitochondria)​

There are 3 domains of life.

• Domain Archaea

• Domain Bacteria

• Domain Eukarya

There are 6 kingdoms of life.

• Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Kingdom Eubacteria

• Kingdom Protista

• Kingdom Fungi

• Kingdom Plantae

• Kingdom Animalia

Each organism is either an autotroph or heterotroph.

• Autotroph means that the organism makes its own food for nutrition.

• Heterotroph means that the organisms must eat in order to get their nutrition.

Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Archae means Primitive

• Known as the "extreme bacteria"

• Unicellular organisms

• Lives in harsh and extreme habitats

• Some are an autotroph and others are heterotroph

Kingdom Eubacteria

• Eu means True

• Also known as the "true bacteria"

• Unicellular organisms

• Most common and found almost everywhere!

• Some are an autotroph and others are heterotroph

Multiple Choice

This domain is characterized by ancient bacteria that can live in extreme environments, such as volcanoes.

• Archaea

• Bacteria

• Eukarya

• Prokarya

Multiple Choice

Bacteria and archaea are similar because both _________________.

• are eukaryotes

• are prokaryotes

• have the same kind of cell wall

• store their DNA in a nucleus

Multiple Select

Select all of the characteristics that both kingdoms of bacteria share

• Prokaryotic

• No membrane bound organelles

• Unicellular

• Have a nucleus

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

• Multicellular

• Autotroph - photosynthesis

• Contains cell walls and chloroplasts

Kingdom Fungi

• Multicellular, some Unicellular

• Absorptive Heterotroph

  • (Do not have chloroplasts/chlorophyll = no photosynthesis!)

• Cell walls of chitin​

• Decomposers

Kingdom Animalia

• Multicellular

• Heterotroph

• Do not have cell walls

Kingdom Protista

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• Unicellular, some multicellular

• Can be an autotroph or heterotroph

• Can be ​sexual or asexual

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Overall, very diverse kingdom​

Multiple Choice

How are protists different than bacteria?

• Protists are eukaryotic and bacteria are prokaryotic

• Protists are prokaryotic and bacteria are eukaryotic

• There is no difference; protists and bacteria are the same thing

• Protists are always unicellular and bacteria are always multicellular

Multiple Choice

Which kingdom would I be in if I had:

no cell walls, heterotrophic, usually sexual reproduction, and multicellular

• Plantae

• Animalia

• Fungi

• Protist

• Non-living

• Nucleic Acids (DNA or RNA) genetic material ​

• Capsid or Protein coat (protective outer surface) ​

• ​Can cause disease (pathogenic)

Virus

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Multiple Choice

Is a virus considered living or non-living?

• Living

• Non-Living

• VERY Small (smaller than prokaryotes)

• Do NOT have

  • Cytoplasm or organelles

• ​Cannot make food or their own energy (NOT Living) ​

Virus

​

• Need a host to reproduce

• Using the host cells organelles and molecules to reproduce.

  • enzymes

  • ​ribosomes

  • ATP​

Virus

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Multiple Choice

For many years scientists debated whether viruses should be considered living organisms. Which statement would a scientist use to support the position that viruses are not living?

• Viruses have genes encoded in DNA

• Viruses infect both plants and animals

• Viruses replicate to produce more viruses

• Viruses require a host cell to reproduce

​8 Characteristics of Life

• DNA

• Made of Cells

• Metabolism

• Grow/Develop

• Evolve

• ​Respond to stimuli

• Homeostasis

• Reproduce​

Multiple Choice

All living things are

• Made of cells

• Made of more than 1 cell

Cladogram

​A cladogram shows hypothesized relationships based on physical traits.

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Cladograms

Similarly, as you trace a species lineage from top to base, it includes all the features on the line.

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So the rodents & rabbits have hair, amniotic eggs, four limbs, bony skeletons, and vertebrae.

Multiple Choice

Which species has jaws only?

• Gorilla only

• Salmon

• Lizard, alligator, robin, rat, and gorilla

• Hagfish, salmon, and frog

Multiple Choice

Which is most related to crocodiles?

• Sharks

• Birds

• Amphibians

• Primates

Phylogeny

A phylogeny is a branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships of species, usually based on DNA sequencing.

Phylogenies

The process of evolution produces a pattern of relationships between species.

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Multiple Choice

Species 3 is a common ancestor of which species?

• Species C only

• Species D only

• Species A and B

• Species C and D

Multiple Choice

Which species is most closely related to species L?

• species E

• species M

• species G

• species I