Chapter 14 Lesson 1 Skeletal System

Chapter 14 Lesson 1 Skeletal System

By Madison Ballard

Functions of the Skeletal System

• Squeeze your hands and arms.

• The hard parts you feel are parts of your skeleton.

• When you think of your skeleton, you might think of bones.

• Your skeleton is part of your skeletal system and contains more than 200 bones.

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Functions of the Skeletal System

• The skeletal system contains bones as well as other structures that connect and protect your bones and that support other functions in the body.

• Bones provide support for movements such as sitting up and standing.

• Bones can move because they are attached to muscles.

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Functions of the Skeletal System

• Bones protect the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, and other internal organs.

• Another function of bones is to produce and store materials that your body needs.

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Structure of Bones

• A bone is an organ composed of living tissue: compact and spongy.

• A bone also contains other types of tissue.

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Structure of Bones

• The hard, outer portion of bones is made of compact bone tissue.

• Spongy bone tissue has small holes that make the bone less dense than compact bone.

• The inside of most bones contains a soft tissue called bone marrow.

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Structure of Bones

• Cartilage is a strong, flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones.

• Periosteum is a membrane that surrounds bones. It nourishes bones.

• A baby’s skeleton is made mostly of cartilage. As this grows, the cartilage is gradually replaced by bone.

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Joints

• Your bones do not function independently.

• They work together at places called joints.

• A(n) joint is where two or more bones meet.

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​WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW:

• Hinge joint: ​only moves front and back

  • ex. elbow, knee​, & fingers

• ​Ball and Socket: allows bones to move and rotate in nearly all directions

  • ex. shoulder, & hips​

• Pivot: allows bones to rotate​

  • ex. neck​, & lower arm

​*this goes in your notebook

Joints

• Bones are connected to other bones by ligaments. 

• Immovable joints connect bones that do not move.

• The body’s movable joints allow for a wide range of motion.

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Broken Injuries and Diseases

• Because bones are made of living tissues, they are at risk of injury and disease.

• A wooden board is hard and strong, but if enough pressure is applied to it, the board will break.

• The same is true for bones.

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Broken Injuries and Diseases

• A broken bone is called a(n) fracture.

• Arthritis is a disease in which joints become irritated or inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away.

• A common bone disease is osteoporosis, which causes bones to weaken and become brittle.

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Healthy Bones

• One of the best ways to keep bones healthy is to exercise.

• A balanced diet keeps bones healthy. Calcium and vitamin D are especially important for strong bones.

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The Skeletal System and Homeostasis

• You may recall, homeostasis is an organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

• Homeostasis requires that all body systems function properly.

• Because bones supply calcium to your nerves, muscles, and heart, a healthy skeletal system is important in maintaining your body’s homeostasis.

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Multiple Choice

Strong, flexible tissue that covers the end of bones is ___________

• cartilage

• osteoporosis

• spongy bone

• ligament

Multiple Choice

Bones connect to other bones at ___________

• joints

• cartilages

• ligaments

• synovials

Multiple Choice

A person with ________ has aggravated bone joints.

• osteoporosis

• arthritis

• synovial

• bronchitis

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT part of the periosteum?

• blood vessels

• bone cells

• bone marrow

• nerves

Fill in the Blanks

Distinguish the difference between ligaments and cartilage.

COMPLETE

Show Ms. Ballard your filled in notes along with the vocabulary words for a grade!

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