Interactions I Review Units 1-2

Interactions I Review Units 1-5

By Nicholas Porter

​Despite + noun/verb-ing,

Despite / In Spite of

although + s + v + c,​

Although / Even though

Although vs. Despite

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​1. Although it was cold, I didn't wear a coat.

2. I didn't go to bed even though I was tired.​

​1. We passed the test, in spite of the difficulty.

2. I didn't get hurt despite ​falling down the stairs.

Multiple Choice

_________ the rain, we still went to the park.

• Although

• Despite

Multiple Choice

__________ it was raining, we still went to the park

• Although

• Despite

Multiple Choice

She went for a long walk __________ being cold.

• Although

• Despite

Multiple Choice

The restaurant has a great reputation, __________ the food was terrible.

• Even though

• Despite

Multiple Choice

_________ it wasn't easy, I finished the homework.

• Although

• in spite of

Multiple Choice

John bought the watch, __________ the fact it was expensive.

• although

• in spite of

Multiple Choice

__________ he was diagnosed with COVID, Thomas still went to school

• Even though

• Despite

Multiple Choice

__________ working so hard, they didn't get a promotion.

• even though

• In spite of

1. My teacher is such a humble person.

2. Jim is such a liar

3. Today was such an amazing day.

Such + a/an + adjective + noun

​So + adjective

So vs. Such

Some text here about the topic of discussion

1. I'm so happy

2. Wow! You look so gorgeous!

3. Math is so tough

1. She has never told a lie

2. They have never won a prize before.

​Never - at no point in your life

1. Have you ever seen a shark?

2. I haven't ever played rugby​

Ever - at some point in your life

Present Perfect Review

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Already - completed; finished.

​Yet - not until this point, but yes in the future.

​1. I've already seen that movie before.

2. ​We've already finished the exam.

​1. Has she spoken to you yet?

2. No, I haven't gone there yet.​

Multiple Choice

Have you __________ tried Soba before?

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

Multiple Choice

She's _________ been to Europe, but she wants to.

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

Multiple Choice

Has he heard from the employer __________?

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

Multiple Choice

I don't need to keep working because I've __________ done the job.

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

Multiple Choice

I haven't had a turn __________.

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

Multiple Choice

They've __________ answered that question. Let's do the next one.

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

Multiple Choice

Mike says that he hasn't __________ worked at a bar before.

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

Multiple Choice

Johnathan has __________ flown in a helicopter. He's going to do it for the first time tomorrow.

• ever

• never

• already

• yet

1. No, we don't talk anymore.

2. I'm so full I can't eat anymore.

​Anymore

1. I still work for the same company

2. I still haven't seen that TV series.

​

still - continue

Still, Anymore, No Longer​

Some text here about the topic of discussion

NO LONGER

​1. I no longer live in Virginia.

2. Kim no longer studies at that university.​

Multiple Choice

I don't go the gym __________.

• still

• no longer

• anymore

Multiple Choice

Begonia __________ goes swimming on Thursdays. No she goes on Fridays.

• still

• no longer

• anymore

Multiple Choice

Are you__________ seeing Anne?

• still

• no longer

• anymore

Multiple Choice

I __________ don't know what time the train leaves. I called, but no answer.

• still

• no longer

• anymore

Multiple Choice

The doctor said I mustn't drink coffee __________.

• still

• no longer

• anymore

Multiple Choice

Miranda doesn't live in Angola __________.

• still

• no longer

• anymore

Multiple Choice

They had a big fight so they're __________ friends.

• still

• no longer

• anymore

Multiple Choice

We __________ go to that restaurant because they raised the prices.

• still

• no longer

• anymore

I'm going to a concert this weekend. I bought tickets yesterday.

2. Meredith is going to bed when she finishes her homework.​

Be Going to - Planned actions for the future

1. Can you give me a hand?

   Yes, I'll help you!

2. What would you like to eat?

   "hmm. Not sure. Maybe I'll have the salmon?"

Will - instant Decision

Will vs. Be Going to

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

A: We don't have any bread.

B: I know. I __________ get some from the store.

• will

• am going to

Multiple Choice

A: Why do they need my suitcases

B: Because they __________ visit their grandmother next weekend.

• will

• are going to

Multiple Choice

A: I'm so cold!

B: Okay. I __________ turn the heat on.

• will

• am going to

Multiple Choice

(the phone rings)

I __________ get it!

• will

• am going to

Multiple Choice

A: Are you going to John's party tonight?

B: Yes, are you going too? I __________ give you a ride!

• will

• am going to

Multiple Choice

A: What are your plans after you finish college?

B: I __________ work at a hospital in Africa. I leave on the 28th.

• will

• am going to

Multiple Choice

A: Is Becca busy tonight?

B: Yes! She __________ go to the library. She's been planning on studying.

• will

• is going to

Multiple Choice

A: Are you ready to order?

B: Hmmm. I can't decide. I guess I __________ have the steak. Thanks.

• will

• am going to

Multiple Choice

A: Why is Adam carrying a hammer?

B: He __________ put up some photos.

• will

• is going to

Multiple Choice

A: Is Seth there?

B: Yes, but he's doing homework. He says he __________ tomorrow.

• will

• is going to

Relative Clauses

Relative Pronouns

That

Which

Who

Whose

Where

Why​

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​1. Have you seen the papers that were on the table?

2. ​That's the TV which was purchased from Target.

3.​ Do you know a mechanic who can help me?

4. He's the man whose phone I found at the beach.

5. This the university where I got my bachelor's degree.​

6. That's the reason why I love you.

​

Multiple Choice

Elton John is the singer __________ sang Tiny Dancer

• who

• whose

• which

• that

Multiple Choice

That's the cafe __________ I met my husband.

• who

• where

• which

• that

Multiple Choice

I like books __________ have strong main characters.

• whose

• why

• which

• who

Multiple Choice

A cinema is a place __________ you go to watch movies.

• when

• where

• whose

• why

Multiple Choice

He's the person __________ name I forgot.

• which

• where

• who

• whose

Multiple Choice

The car __________ has a scratch on it is mine.

• that

• whose

• when

• who

Multiple Choice

The man __________ house I visited is from Turkey.

• whose

• who

• whom

• why

Multiple Choice

That is the woman __________ helped me find the hotel.

• whose

• why

• that

• who

Multiple Choice

Yes, that's the reason __________ I came here.

• that

• whose

• when

• why

Multiple Choice

They're the neighbors __________ lawnmower I borrowed

• whom

• why

• whose

• which

​1. We can do whatever you want.

2. Let's go wherever the food is good​.

3. Whoever stole my wallet is in trouble!

4. It doesn't matter. Do it however!

5. I'll take whichever one is left.​

6. Whenever I see you, I feel happy.​

Examples

Whatever = anything

Wherever = any place

Whoever = any person

However = any way

Whichever = any option

Whenever​ = any time

The Words

Ever Words

Multiple Choice

I'm willing to help. __________ it takes!

• whatever

• whoever

• whenever

• whichever

Multiple Choice

A: Tea or coffee?

B: Hmm. I'll take __________ one you suggest

• whoever

• wherever

• whichever

• whatever

Multiple Choice

__________ you have the time, please, call me!

• wherever

• whenever

• however

• whatever

Multiple Choice

You pick the restaurant tonight. We can go __________ you want.

• wherever

• however

• whenever

• whichever

Multiple Choice

__________ owns the blue sedan needs to move their car immediately!

• whenever

• wherever

• however

• whoever

Multiple Choice

__________ they do it, is fine. There is no specific way to do the job.

• however

• whenever

• whatever

• whoever

Reported Speech

modal verbs - will, can, should, might, may, Must

​Backshifting Rules:

Will ----> Would

Can ----> Could

Should (no backshifting)

Might ----> May

Must ----> Had to​

​

Matt said that he would call him tomorrow.

Jessica said that she had to leave soon

Billy said that​ Tim may take them soon.

Frank said that people shouldn't be so cruel

Tamara said that he could help her.​

​Reported speech

Matt: "I will call him tomorrow."​

Jessica: "I must leave soon."

Billy: "Tim might take us soon"​​

Frank: "People shouldn't be so cruel"

Tamara: "He can help me."​

Direct Speech

Reported speech

​REMEMBER: You must change the pronouns where applicable. see below.

Reported Speech

Present tenses --- (and future)

​Backshifting Rules:

Simple present ----> Simple Past​

Present Progressive ----> Past Progressive

Present Perfect ----> Past Perfect​

am/is/are ----> was/were​

am/is/are going to ----> was/were going to​

Jasmine said that she loved French toast​

Simon said that they were going to the movies​

Liz said that he hadn't called her yet.​

Arnold said that she was cooking dinner.​

Becky said that it was too cold in there.​

indirect speech

Jasmine: "I love French toast.

Simon: "We're going to the movies."

Liz: "He hasn't called me yet."​

Arnold: "She is cooking dinner."​

Becky: "It's too cold in here."​

direct speech

Reported Speech

Reported Speech

​Past Tenses

Backshifting Rules:

Simple Past ----> Past Perfect

Past Perfect (no backshifting)

Past Progressive ----> Past Perfect Progressive

Was/Were ----> Had been

Was/Were going to ----> Had been going to​

​

Jesmil said that she had gone to New York.

Amy said that they had been driving all day

Eric said that he hadn't worked in forever.

Chris said that she had been going to lend

Saul said that Mark had been late today.​

​Indirect Speech

Jesmil: "I went to New York last week."

Amy: "We were driving all day."

Eric: "He hadn't worked in forever."

Chris: "She was going to lend me one."

Saul: ​"Mark was late today."

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

1. Could you tell me where the bank is?

2. Would you mind telling if you have allergies?

3. Do you know when the mall closed?

4. I don't know if he has finished yet.

Indirect Questions

1. Where is the bank?

2. Do you have allergies?

3. When did the mall close?

4. Has he finished already?

Direct Questions

​Indirect Questions

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Adverbs vs. Adjectives

What are adjectives and adverbs

adjectives describe nouns
they go BEFORE the noun
adverbs describe verbs and adjectives
they usually go AFTER a verb or BEFORE the adjective
adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the end of a adjective EXCEPT in the following words: early, hard, fast, and good (well).

Her way of speaking is very clear
She has professional demeanor
The movie was unexpectedly funny
Just look at that breathtaking sunset

Adjectives

She finished her homework quickly.
They painted the walls carefully.
He is always on time.
The food was incredibly delicious

Adverbs

Adverbs vs. Adjectives

Multiple Choice

She sings ______

• beautiful

• beautifully

Multiple Choice

The weather is ________

• awful

• awfully

Multiple Choice

He runs _______

• quick

• quickly

Multiple Choice

Her dress is so

• colorful

• colorfully

Multiple Choice

This soup tastes _______

• well

• good

Multiple Choice

She solved the problem ________

• easy

• easily

Multiple Choice

He waited _________ for his turn.

• patient

• patiently

Multiple Choice

She explained the topic _______

• clear

• clearly

Multiple Choice

The dog is _______ with everyone

• friendly

• friendlily

Multiple Choice

They worked really

• hard

• hardly

Multiple Choice

This book was very ________

• interesting

• interestingly

Multiple Choice

The children were ________ about the trip.

• happy

• happily