Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Multiple Choice

Jackie studied stresses that affect Earth's crust. How is compression of rock different from shearing?

• Compression pulls rock apart, and shearing squeezes rock together.

• Compression squeezes rock together, and shearing pulls rock apart.

• Compression squeezes rock together, while shearing pushes rock in opposite directions.

• Compression pushes rock in opposite directions, and shearing squeezes rock together.

Compression squeezes rock together until it bends or breaks, while shearing involves rock being pushed in two opposite directions until it bends or breaks. Both are types of stresses on Earth’s crust. Compression is only a squeezing force. Pulling rock apart is a third kind of stress, that of tension.​

​Explanation

Multiple Choice

A transform boundary forms this type of fault.

• normal

• reverse

• strike-slip

Multiple Choice

A convergent boundary forms this type of fault.

• normal

• reverse

• strike-slip

Multiple Choice

A divergent boundary forms this type of fault.

• normal

• reverse

• strike-slip

The correct answers are that transform boundaries form a strike-slip fault, convergent boundaries form reverse faults, and divergent boundaries form normal faults. Transform plate boundaries slide past one another, so they form strike-slip faults. Convergent boundaries cause compression, which results in reverse faults and causes the hanging wall to move upward. Divergent boundaries cause normal faults, where the two fault walls are pulled apart.

​Explanation

Multiple Select

Mia wanted to know how Earth’s movements created new landforms . She decided to read about folded mountains and their characteristics because she had seen them in the Alps. Which of the following statements describe characteristics of folded mountains? Choose the three statements that apply

• They contain a combination of both anticlines and synclines.

• . The crust deforms and bends but it does not break.

• The crust breaks into large chunks to form a series of sharp peaks.

• The folds can bend upward and form mountains.

• The folds form in ridges over the top of divergent boundaries.

Folded mountains contain anticlines and synclines. The crust deforms but doesn’t break, and the folds bend upward and create mountains. Folded mountains aren’t created by the crust breaking into chunks. The crust does not become thinner; they thicken when the folding occurs. Divergent boundaries can cause volcanic action but not folded mountains. Anticlines move upward, which is the opposite of synclines.

​Explanation

Multiple Choice

Ramon knew that the wave amplitude on a seismogram measures how severe an earthquake is. In a magnitude 8 earthquake, the waves are _________ larger than a magnitude 7 earthquake. However, the energy released is 32 times greater.

• 10 times

• 8 times

• 2 times

• 32 times

The correct answers are that the waves are 10 times larger and the amount of energy released is 32 times greater. The wave size goes up by 10 times, but the energy released for each whole number wave measure goes up by 32 times. The differences are greater than 2 times or 8 times.

​Explanation

Multiple Choice

Large waves are also caused by strong winds that blow over wide areas of ocean. How do tsunamis differ from waves caused by strong winds?

• Larger amounts of water are displaced by waves caused by the wind than by tsunamis.

• Tsunamis involve both deep water and surface water, but waves caused by wind involve only surface water.

• Tsunamis involve only surface water, but waves caused by wind involve both deep water and surface water.

• Waves caused by wind carry more energy and are more destructive than tsunamis.

Multiple Select

What are possible causes of tsunami? (Select all that apply)

• earthquakes

• landslides

• volcanic eruption

• jet streams

• prevailing westerlies

​https://youtu.be/oWzdgBNfhQU