Early Cold War

​Alliances

• ​The US and its allies established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. This is a defense agreement between the nations to defend each other in case of an attack. "An attack on one is an attack on all."

• The Soviet Union and its allies established the Warsaw Pact ​as a response to NATO. It was also a mutual defense agreement between countries.

• UK Prime Minister ​Winston Churchill said that these alliances divided the world between East and West and was separated by an Iron Curtain.

​Iron Curtain

Multiple Choice

The US and its allies formed this group.

• United Nations

• NATO

• Warsaw Pact

• NAFTA

Multiple Choice

The Soviet Union and its allies formed this group.

• United Nations

• NATO

• Warsaw Pact

• NAFTA

Multiple Choice

What did Winston Churchill mean by an Iron Curtain?

• The world was separated by competing alliances.

• There were opportunities for nations to work together.

• All-out war had broken out in Europe.

• Europe could never recover from World War 2.

​Early Cold War U.S. Foreign Policy

​The United States's foreign policy during the Cold War was containment. They would not threaten the Soviet Union's influences or communist governments where they existed, but would stop (or contain) communism from spreading to other countries.

​

CON-TAIN-MENT!​

​Early Examples of Containment

• ​Truman Doctrine - 1947 declaration by President Harry Truman that the United States would assist people under threat from communist or Soviet influences.

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• Marshall Plan - ​In 1948, provided $13 billion in assistance to countries recovering from destruction caused by World War 2.

• Berlin Airlift - airlifted food and supplies to overcome blockade of West Berlin by Soviet Union

​What do you notice about the countries that benefitted from the Marshall Plan?

Multiple Choice

Announcement by the President in 1947 that the US would assist countries under threat from communist or Soviet influence

• NATO

• Truman Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• Berlin Airlift

Multiple Choice

Military operation to provide food and supplies to a city blockaded by Soviet Union

• NATO

• Truman Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• Berlin Airlift

Multiple Choice

Provided economic aid to countries destroyed in World War 2

• NATO

• Truman Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• Berlin Airlift

Multiple Choice

Defense alliance by the US and its Allies

• NATO

• Truman Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• Berlin Airlift

Multiple Choice

The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to provide Europe with

• Defense military weapons

• Economic aid

• cultural exchange programs

• political alliances

Multiple Choice

In the period following World War II, the US developed a policy of containment mainly in response to the

• Perceived threat of Soviet expansion

• Building of the Berlin Wall

• Partition of Palestine

• Spread of nuclear weapons

Multiple Choice

The major goal of US foriegn policy in the period of 1946-1972 was

• Contain the spread of communism

• Abolish strategic nuclear weapons

• Establish the US as a major naval power

• Appease communist leaders and avoid global conflict

Multiple Choice

The Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, and the Berlin Airlift are examples of the United States foreign policy of

• Colonialism

• Detente

• Nonalignment

• Containment

Multiple Choice

Which US program is most likely reflected in the amounts of nonmilitary foreign aid given from 1947 to 1950?

• Peace Corps

• Marshall Plan

• Alliance for Progress

• Lend Lease