Perspective Level 4 Unit 4

Perspective Level 4 Unit 4

By Anna

Look at the photo, and answer what you think the man is doing?

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Do you know anything about the ​river?

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Warm Up

Ruzo discovered the Boiling River, the world's largest thermal river, in the Amazon rain forest in Peru in 2016. The remarkable thing about this 9-kilometer-long river is that it is non-volcanic but this one and two others nearby are 700 kilometers away from any volcanic activity. Some parts of the river are so hot that an animal falling into the water will die immediately. The heat is actually provided by hot springs in the Earth's faults and cracks. Local communities see the Boiling River as a sacred place, and Ruzo has set up a project to research and protect it further -- it is at particular risk from deforestation.

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Open Ended

What adjectives can you think to describe the Boiling River?

4A Voyages of Discovery

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Open Ended

What is the difference between exploration and discovery?

Replace this text with your body text.

​Duplicate this text as many times as you would like.

Replace this text with your body text.

​Duplicate this text as many times as you would like.

Exploration

Vocabulary - Exploration

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Survival skills;

planning and researching;

navigation;

cooking;

finding food from nature(scavenging)​;

resource management;

record keeping;

people skills​

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Skills

Curious;

Risk-taking ;

Adventurous;

Resilient;

Smart;

Brave;

Determined;

Creative;

Imaginative;

Single-minded​

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​Qualities

Open Ended

Why do you think people explore?

Reasons for explorations

1. Science / Discovery (to find a new plant or animal, discover new lands)

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2. challenge (be the first person to do something)

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3. trade; fame ; wealth

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4. curiosity​

Vocabulary - Exploration

endurance + try

launch + boundary

map + seek

mission + hypothesis

motivate+thrill

settlement + network

trek + circumnavigate​

Vocabulary

1. I know this word and use it

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2. I know the meaning of this word, but don't really use it

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3. I don't know the mean of the word

Vocabulary Grading

Finish the questions on Page 45​

Open Ended

According to all the sentences above, what were the different things that motivated the explorers?

Open Ended

Which explorers have you learned about in school?

Write about him or her ( 50 words)

Choose the best to add points

Explorers

through out the history

Open Ended

How are the explorations in history different from modern explorations?

(motivations; devices; risks)

After this, move to Page 46 Listening

Grammar -

Modals of deduction and probability

1. A major motivation __________ have been curiosity.

2. Viking explorers _______ have reached the coast of America in the eleventh century.

3. Zheng He _______ have gotten to the Americas before Columbus.

4. T​he World _______ be round.

5. There ______ be life on the Moon.

6. Life ______ exist elsewhere in ​the universe.

Multiple Choice

If you are certain that something is true based on evidence, use ______

• can't

• must

• may

• could

Multiple Choice

If you are certain that something is not true based on evidence, use ______

• can't

• must

• may

• could

Multiple Select

If you are not sure whether something is true, use might, ______

• can't

• must

• may

• could

Multiple Choice

To increase the possibility, use could, may or night followed by ______

• good

• just

• only

• well

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using the words in parentheses.

It is possible that Europa, one of the moons of Jupiter, has oceans 30 miles deep. (could)

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using the words in parentheses.

It seems like there is some evidence that the sun is getting hotter.

(be)

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using the words in parentheses.

It is likely that Mars formed less than 5 billion years ago.

(have)

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using the words in parentheses.

Maybe the solar system formed when a dust cloud exploded.

(might)

Discovering

the Past ​

Open Ended

What do you think space archeology might be?

Open Ended

What technology do you think space archeologists use?

Space Archeologist needs your help

Space archeology, or "remote sensing," refers to the use of high-resolution satellite imaging and lasers to map and quantify ancient ruins and protect humanity's past. The process is helping archeologists plan and map their excavations and surveys more precisely and discover an invisible world of lost tombs, temples, and pyramids --even an entire Egyptian city buried for 3000 years. Satellite imagery allows scientists to detect subtle short - and long -term changes to the Earth's surface. This is because buried archeological remains affect the overlying vegetation, soil, and even water in different ways, depending on the landscape.

Space Archeologist needs your help

Egyptologist Sarah Parcak estimates that less than one percent of ancient Egypt has been discovered and excavated. Millions of sites are believed to remain undiscovered in the Egyptian desert. Of course, any discoveries made by satellite cameras will still need to be confirmed by teams of archeologists digging on the ground, but the time and cost savings of satellite technology are enormous.

Space Archeologist needs your help

In recent years, many ancient sites across the Middle East have been damaged, destroyed, or looted, and the stolen artifacts are being sold by networks of antiquity smugglers. Parcak estimates that if nothing changes, all of Egypt's sites will be affected by looting by 2040. So when she won the 1million TED prize in 2016, she announced that she will spend the money on developing a cutting-edge computer technology -- which she is calling Global Xplorer for now--to combat looting. Her vision is to engage people around the world in a project of archeological discovery and create a new citizen-science technology for mapping and protecting ancient sites.

Space Archeologist needs your help

When people join, they are given a card with a small satellite image covering somewhere between 400 and 2500 square meters of ground and with only a general idea of the location, which protects the sites. They are then shown examples of what an ancient tomb, village, or looter's pit would look like from space and asked to look for these features on their own card. The resulting data from all the different cards will then be shared with archeologists and government authorities. "The big dream is that ultimately we will map the entire world," says Parcak. "You'd have a global alarm system where areas would glow red when they are being looted."

Space Archeologist needs your help

Why did the Pyramid Age, and why did ancient Egypt collapse? Why did the flow of the Nile River change over time? How did humans shape landscapes, and how did landscapes shape us? "A hundred years ago, archeology was for the rich; fifty years ago ti was mainly for men; now it is primarily for academics. Our goal is to allow anyone to participate," says Parcak. By introducing school children to the excitement of exploration and discovery, she also hopes to educate a future generation about the importance of archeological sites and the pressing need to protect the world's cultural heritage. "I think the only solution for stopping looting globally is to get people to buy into the idea that our human history is important,' she says.

Multiple Choice

Space archeology ....

• is much cheaper and quicker than traditional methods

• shows there are more sites than people thought

• will one day replace traditional methods

Multiple Choice

Satellite can

• show where to find ancient settlements that are invisible on the ground

• take accurate photographs of ancient sites

• help archeologists see significant changes to the surface of the land

Multiple Choice

Sarah Parcak's project will ....

• help to recover artifacts stolen by smugglers

• involve ordinary people in archeological work

• help to tackle the problem of looting

Multiple Choice

People working on the project will....

• study a small area of the Earth

• learn how to recognize ancient sites

• know exactly where sites are being looted

Multiple Choice

Sarah Parcak's aim is ....

• to learn more about ancient history

• to encourage more people to be archeologists

• to encourage people to value their past

Critical Thinking - Balanced Argument

1. Does the writer present a positive, negative, or balanced evaluation of the technique? How do you know this?

2. Look at sentences on Page 48, which of the points are mentioned in the article?

Subject | Subject

Open Ended

Reflection:

List three things you can remember about Sarah Parcak.

1. Which tenses are the verbs?

2. Why is the passive used in each example?

3. Which two examples include the agent of the passive verb? How is the agent introduced?

4. Look at examples e and f. What is different about them? Can you think of another way of expressing them?

5. Which example expresses a thought or idea felt by many people? Can you change the sentence to start with it is.....?

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Passives

​Finish the exercise on Page 50

Passive - A More formal structure

We use passive to make a sentence sound more formal

However, there is another more formal structure way of using passive, especially when we are using it to talk about:

1. recent news

2. the general perspective of people

3. ​personal favor of ideas

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Subject | Subject

Look at the following sentence:

People think that some pyramids are over 4500 years old. ​

Open Ended

It is estimated that the Great Pyramid of Giza weighs 6.5 million tons.

Open Ended

It is believed that the pyramid was built as a burial.

Open Ended

It is estimated that over two million stones were used to build each pyramid.

Open Ended

It is believed that the Egyptians transported the stones by river.

Open Ended

Some early Arab historians thought it was built as an obve

Open Ended

It is reported that the pyramids are visited by over two million people e

​In factual essays, it is sometimes useful to say how sure or unsure you are about a statement and what your opinion is based on.

Reporting Structure in Use- Hedging

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

It is generally agreed that ....

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

It is widely believed that ....

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

It is often claimed that ....

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

It is generally assumed that ....

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

According to most experts, Sarah Parcak....

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

Many scientists believed that ...

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

Many experts argue that ...

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

It seems to me that ...

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

The evidence suggests that ....

• sure

• unsure

Multiple Choice

Look at the following hedging sentence,

decide it is a way of surety or uncertainty

It is conceivable that ....

• sure

• unsure