PASS Wk12

PASS Wk12

​Recap

• Anatomy of the urinary system

  • Focus on kidney, structures and blood supply

• ​Nephron anatomy

• Nephron function

  • Water and acid-base balance​

Multiple Choice

What is the relative osmolality of the interstitial fluid in the medulla compared to the cortex?

• They have the similar osmolalities

• The osmolality is higher in the cortex

• The osmolality is higher in the medulla

• Only the medulla has an osmolality

Multiple Choice

How do the ureters enter the bladder

• Through the urethral sphincter

• They do not enter the bladder but rather urine exits the bladder through the ureters

• They enter superior to the trigon and at a highly oblique angle

• They enter within the trigon and at a highly oblique angle

Multiple Choice

What type of epithelium does the bladder have?

• Simple squamous

• Ciliated columnar

• Cuboidal

• Transitional

Multiple Choice

What is present in the stomach that also helps aid the bladder in expanding?

• Pepsin

• HCl

• Transitional epithelia

• Rugae

Multiple Choice

What are the two types of nephrons?

• Cortical nephrons and Juxtamedullary nephrons

• Cortical nephrons and Transmedullary nephrons

• Extramedullary nephrons and Juxtamedullary nephrons

• Extramedullary nephrons and Transmedullary nephrons

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the glomerulus?

• Reabsorption and Secretion

• Hormone synthesis

• Urine storage

• Filtration

Multiple Choice

Which of these would NOT be able to filter through the glomerulus and enter the bowman's capsule?

• Electrolytes

• Lipid

• Amino acids

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Which of these forces act to push fluid INTO the bowman's capsule?

• Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

• Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BCOP)

• Capsular hydrostatic pressure

• Tubular Osmotic Pressure (TOP)

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the peritubular capillaries?

• To filter blood as it enters the bowman's capsule

• To work with the nephron tubules in reabsorption only

• To work with the nephron tubules in tubular secretion only

• To work with the nephron tubules in both reabsorption and tubular secretion

Multiple Choice

How are substances reabsorbed from the nephron tubules?

• Through fenestrations

• Through the tubular epithelial cells

• Through attached tubule ducts

• Substances are rarely reabsorbed through the nephron tubules

Multiple Choice

How are sodium ions reabsorbed?

• Passive transport

• Active transport

• Phagocytosis

• They are NOT readilly reabsorbed

Multiple Choice

How is water reabsorbed?

• Passive transport

• Active transport

• Pinocytosis

• Water is not readily reabsorbed

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT an effect of the hormone Aldosterone?

• Increases Na+ reabsorption

• Increases K+ reabsorption

• Increases water reabsorption

• Increases K+ secretion

Multiple Choice

How does Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH) increase water reabsorption?

• Inserts more aquaporins into the membrane

• Provides negative feedback to water secretion

• Increases Na+ reabsorption and hence water follows

• Activates ADH gated water channels

Multiple Choice

The secretion of H+ and the reabsorption of what from the tubules, helps to maintain acid-base balance in the blood

• CO2

• CH3COO-

• HCO3-

• Cl2