Section 8 Foundations of Reading

Last Week Qustion #'s ​69-80

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

69.) A teacher can best help sixth graders draw  inferences from informational text by  asking them to complete which of the  following statements?

• A.) In my opinion....

• B.) The passage suggests...

• C.) In comparison...

• D.) The author's first point is...

Multiple Choice

70.) A sixth-grade teacher gives students  several persuasive essays that present  contrasting opinions on a current social  issue. The teacher then asks students to  consider the following questions as they  read the texts.

1.What is the author's opinion on  the issue?

2.How might the author's  background influence his or her  opinion?

3.What evidence does the author  use to support his or her opinion?

These questions are likely to be most  effective for helping students:

• A.) monitor comprehension of information texts.

• B.) identify the theme in expository texts.

• C.) draw inferences from informational texts.

• D.) analyze point of view in expository texts.

Multiple Choice

71.) A third-grade teacher periodically reads  aloud from a chapter in content-area  textbooks and describes his thought  processes as he reads. Following is an  example:

" 'The moon does not shine on its own.  The sun's light reflects off the moon.'  Hmm. I'm imagining that the sun is  like a flashlight shining on the moon  in the dark. 'As the moon rotates, only  the part that faces the sun is visible  from the Earth.' I'm not quite sure  what "visible" means, but it sounds  kind of like vision, which I know has  to do with eyes. It probably means  the part that we can see from the  Earth. Now, that makes me wonder—  why do we see different amounts of  the moon at different times? Let's see  if the next part of the chapter explains  this . . ."

This practice is most likely to promote  students' reading proficiency by:

• A.) exposing them to new vocabulary in context.

• B.) modeling for them metacognitive comprehension strategies.

• C.) giving them an example of fluent oral reading.

• D.) summarizing for them the main ideas of an expository text.

Multiple Choice

72.) Skimming is likely to be the most  effective strategy for accomplishing  which of the following reading tasks?

• A.) evaluating the validity of information on an Internet Web site

• B.) previewing a chapter in a content-area textbook

• C.) synthesizing information from various sources for a research report

• D.) studying specific facts for a content-area exam

Multiple Choice

73.) A sixth-grade class is working on an  Internet research project about various  natural resources and their uses. The  teacher could best support students'  effective use of the Internet for their  research by:

• A.) providing students with a checklist of questions that prompt critical evaluation of information on Web sites.

• B.) giving students a list of Web sites that have been preapproved based on the sites' reading levels.

• C.) encouraging students to search for Web sites that are easy to navigate and that contain familiar vocabulary.

• D.) teaching students to employ a variety of search engines to locate relevant Web sites.

Multiple Choice

74.) Which of the following text features are  students likely to find most useful when  previewing informational texts such as  library books for a research project?

• A.) index

• B.) bibliography

• C.) glossary

• D.) table of contents

Multiple Choice

75.) A third-grade teacher observes that  students who read aloud fluently also  demonstrate greater comprehension of  expository texts. The best explanation  for this is that fluent readers:

• A.) possess a self-awareness that allows them to use metacognitive skills efficiently.

• B.) have already developed the base of background knowledge typically covered by textbooks.

• C.) have well-developed skills for decoding any level of text word by word.

• D.) are able to focus their full attention and cognitive resources on the meaning of a text.

Multiple Choice

76.) A fifth-grade teacher gives students a  reading guide for an informational text  that they will be reading independently.  The reading guide contains various  activities, including prompting students to  summarize certain passages, to explain  relationships between concepts according  to specific information in the text, and to  determine the meaning of domain-specific  words based on appositives or appositive  phrases embedded in the text. This  reading guide is likely to be most effective  for achieving which of the following  instructional purposes?

• A.) developing students' ability to read the text evaluatively

• B.) encouraging students to read and interact closely with the text

• C.) supporting students' development of prosodic reading skills

• D.) teaching students to adjust their reading rate based on text complexity

Multiple Choice

77.) Two proficient readers are answering  postreading comprehension questions  about a chapter in a content-area textbook.

•The first student demonstrates  exceptional recall of details from the  chapter but has difficulty answering  questions about the gist of the chapter.

•The second student can give an  outstanding summary of the chapter  but has difficulty remembering  specific facts from the chapter.

Which of the following best explains the  most likely reason for the students' varied  understanding of the text?

• A.) The first student is more proficient than the second student at using metacognitive comprehension strategies to make sense of the text.

• B.) Each student applied different reading comprehension skills when reading the text.

• C.) The second student is more proficient at reading for literal understanding than for inferential understanding.

• D.) Each student brought a unique set of prior experiences to the reading of the text.

Multiple Choice

78.) An English Language Learner reads  academic texts fluently in her primary  language but is struggling to understand  her content-area textbooks in English.  This student would likely benefit most  from engaging in which of the following  activities?

• A.) translating textbook reading assignments from English into her primary language

• B.) receiving reading comprehension instruction with texts written in her primary language

• C.) learning to use metacognitive reading strategies with English text

• D.) reading texts in her primary language that cover the same material as her English textbooks

Multiple Choice

79.) An English Language Learner reads  academic texts fluently in her primary  language but is struggling to understand  her content-area textbooks in English.  This student would likely benefit most  from engaging in which of the following  activities?

The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775. At the time, the American army occupied the  area from Cambridge to the Mystic River. American troops gathered in Cambridge Common on the  evening of June 16, 1775, and set out for Bunker Hill. Upon reaching Bunker Hill, however, officers  decided to move to Breed's Hill, a smaller hill closer to Boston.

Based on this excerpt from the chapter,  which of the following graphic organizers  would best promote students' awareness of  the chapter's text structure?

• A.) outline

• B.) Venn Diagram

• C.) timeline

• D.) semantic map

Multiple Choice

80.) An English Language Learner reads  academic texts fluently in her primary  language but is struggling to understand  her content-area textbooks in English.  This student would likely benefit most  from engaging in which of the following  activities?

The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775. At the time, the American army occupied the  area from Cambridge to the Mystic River. American troops gathered in Cambridge Common on the  evening of June 16, 1775, and set out for Bunker Hill. Upon reaching Bunker Hill, however, officers  decided to move to Breed's Hill, a smaller hill closer to Boston.

The teacher asks students to locate and  mark places mentioned in the chapter on  a map as they read. This activity is most  likely to help students:

• A.) use visualization to facilitate their comprehension of the text.

• B.) paraphrase content to make the text more understandable.

• C.) connect elements in the text to their background knowledge.

• D.) identify the text's main ideas and supporting details

Multiple Choice

81.) A third-grade teacher has been conducting  a series of ongoing assessments of a  student's oral reading. Shown below is

a sentence from a text, followed by a  transcription of a typical example of the  student's oral reading performance.

Text:  Her boots crunched through  the snow.

Student: Her boats crucked throw the  snow.

After reading the sentence, the student  paused and then reread it without the  teacher's prompting and self-corrected  the errors. Based on this information,  the teacher could best meet this student's

needs by adjusting instruction in order to:

• A.) enhance the student's oral  vocabulary development.

• B.) develop the student's ability to self-  monitor comprehension.

• C.)   improve the student's decoding  skills.

• D.)   promote the student's ability to track  print.

Multiple Choice

82.) Which of the following types of  assessments would best provide  information about the comparative  reading proficiency of students in an  elementary school?

• A.) a test of vocabulary development

• B.) a norm-referenced survey test

• C.) a reading miscue inventory

• D.) a diagnostic portfolio

Multiple Choice

83.) Considerations of validity in test  construction relate most closely to:

• A.) how a particular examinee's test performance relates to a preestablished standard.

• B.) whether the test questions effectively measure their specified content.

• C.) how a particular examinee's test performance compares to the performance of other examinees.

• D.) whether the test results are likely to be repeatable with a similar examinee test group

Multiple Choice

84.) If a standardized test is said to lack  reliability, the test:

• A.) is not measuring what it is supposed to measure.

• B.) has not proven to be useful as an instructional intervention.

• C.) gives fluctuating scores in different administrations.

• D.) has poor predictive value relative to students' classroom performance.

Multiple Choice

85.) Which of the following informal  assessment results provides the clearest  indication that a kindergarten child has  attained a beginning level of phonemic  awareness?

• A.) The student can clap the "beats" or syllables of familiar multisyllable words

• B.) The student can delete the second "word" or syllable in compound words.

• C.) The student can identify the beginning sound of single-syllable words.

• D.) The student can substitute phonemes in the medial position of single-syllable words.

Multiple Choice

86.) One of the most important purposes of a  standardized Informal Reading Inventory  (IRI) is:

• A.) to establish how prior knowledge and text organization influence a student's reading comprehension.

• B.) to determine how a student uses semantic, syntactic, and other text clues to deduce a word's meaning.

• C.) to analyze how a student's silent reading comprehension is influenced by oral reading fluency.

• D.) to establish a student's independent, instructional, and frustration reading levels.

Multiple Choice

87.) An advantage of using assessment tools  such as portfolios and scoring rubrics is  that they:

• A.) provide more objective results than do multiple-choice tests.

• B.) promote student participation in self-assessment activities.

• C.) ensure consistency among different evaluators.

• D.) offer more reliable assessment data.

Multiple Choice

88.) Which of the following best describes the  primary advantage of having a student  read a passage silently and then provide

a "retelling" as a means of assessing the  student's comprehension, rather than  having the student answer questions?

• A.) A retelling is open-ended and requires the student to construct a description of the passage more independently of the examiner.

• B.) The results of a retelling are more subjective and easier to quantify than the results of direct questioning.

• C.) The procedure involved in retelling tends to be more familiar to a wider range of students, including English Language Learners.

• D.) A retelling can provide information about the student's inferential comprehension skills, which questioning cannot provide.

Multiple Choice

89.) Which of the following criteria would be  most important to consider when selecting  "leveled texts" for use in assessments and  guided reading with beginning-level  readers?

• A.) The texts should use repeated words and natural oral language structures.

• B.) The texts should require readers to use problem-solving to connect text to illustrations.

• C.) The texts should emphasize use of literary language and dialogues.

• D.) The texts should feature a range of punctuation and context-specific vocabulary.

Multiple Choice

90.)   In order to select a trade book that  emphasizes predictability, a teacher  should ensure that:

• A.) the text includes some pictures or illustrations.

• B.) the concepts in the text are at an appropriate level of difficulty for the target student(s).

• C.) a phrase, rhyme, or sentence is repeated throughout the text.

• D.) the length of the text is not likely to exceed the attention span of the target student (s).

Multiple Choice

91.) A fourth-grade English Language Learner  is new to a school. Assessments suggest  that the student can read orally with  accuracy on grade level; however, the  student's comprehension of grade-level  textbooks fluctuates widely. Which of the  following steps would be most appropriate  for the teacher to take first in order to  determine the cause of the student's  difficulty?

• A.) Assess the student's word analysis and decoding skills.

• B.) Determine whether the student has a specific learning disability that affects language processing.

• C.) Assess the student's level of first-language literacy.

• D.) Determine whether the student has adequate vocabulary and background knowledge to support comprehension of the txtbooks.