Section 9

Section 9

Understand ​Multiple Approaches to Reading Instruction

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This section tests your knowledge of planning, implementing, and differentiating reading instruction. You will be asked questions about reading strategies, such as grouping students. You’ll also show your knowledge of text complexity and the promotion of reading for enjoyment and learning.​

Vocabulary

Text Complexity-Text complexity refers to the difficulty of a text and it is usually either measured in quantitative or qualitative terms:

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Quantitative complexity refers to readability measures. Different schools often promote different systems of readability measures. These measures usually assign a number or letter to a text in order to reflect its complexity. The quantitative measure is typically measured by software systems. Quantitative measures address word frequency, text cohesion, and the length of words and sentences.

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​The qualitative evaluation of text refers to the meaning, structure, clarity, and language complexity of a text. Unlike quantitative complexity, this measure typically involves more human interaction. This measure permeates the surface knowledge involved in interpreting the meaning of words and sentences. Qualitative measurement involves making connections and “reading beyond” the text to analyze and compare outside ideas and experiences.

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Subject | Subject

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https://uwosh.edu/coehs/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2018/12/FORT_Yaeger-study-guide-2018.pdf​

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PAGES ​68-75

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Multiple Choice

92.) A first-grade teacher encourages  beginning readers to "write" their own  captions beneath their drawings. This  practice is most likely to lead to which  of the following?

• A.) The students will tend to lose  interest in writing because of their  frustration with their lack of mastery  of the English spelling system.

• B.)   The students' overall reading  proficiency will be adversely  affected by any spelling errors that  go uncorrected.

• C.)   The students will tend to develop  strong automatic word recognition  skills from their interaction with  print.

• D.) The students' development

  of phonics knowledge will be  reinforced as they experiment  with their own phonetic spellings.

Multiple Choice

93.) Which of the following types of activities  would be most important to include on

a daily basis when planning reading

instruction for first graders who are  developing as beginning readers?

• A.) activities that introduce  students to basic concepts  about print

• B.) activities that emphasize listening to  and producing rhyming, alliteration,  and similar forms of wordplay

• C.) activities that promote students'  development of decoding and other  word analysis skills

• D.) activities that emphasize  memorization of lists of grade-  level-appropriate sight words

Multiple Choice

94.) A fifth-grade class silently reads an  informational text. In subsequent informal  assessments, several students are able to  read the text orally with fluency but they  demonstrate poor overall comprehension  of the text. The teacher could most  appropriately address these students' needs  by adjusting future instruction in which of  the following ways?

• A.) using informational texts that are  written at the students' independent  reading level

• B.)   providing the students with explicit  instruction in grade-level-  appropriate test-taking strategies

• C.)   introducing a text's key vocabulary  and guiding the students in close  reading of key passages

• D.)   emphasizing reading skill-building  activities that focus primarily on  narrative texts

Multiple Choice

95.) As a first-grade teacher reads a big book  to a group of students, the teacher points  to the beginning consonants of selected  words and accentuates the sound the initial  letter makes. This activity is most likely  to promote the students':

• A.) awareness of multisyllable words.

• B.)   ability to isolate individual sounds  in words.

• C.) structural analysis skills

• D.) ability to blend the sounds in  words.

Multiple Choice

96.) Which of the following children is most in  need of immediate intervention?

• A.)   a preschool child who has limited  book-handling skills

• B.) a kindergarten child who has limited  ability to correlate alphabet letters  with the sounds they make

• C.) a first-grade student who still reads  texts composed of single-syllable  regular words and common sight  words

• D.) a second-grade student who still  decodes words letter by letter

Multiple Choice

97.) Which of the following is the most  important reason for a fourth-grade  teacher to assign a variety of high-quality  trade books as a component of reading  instruction?

• A.) The themes typical of children's  literature tend to reinforce students'  development of literal  comprehension skills.

• B.) Reading across genres helps  students develop an understanding  of the structures and features of  different texts.

• C.) Simplified syntax and controlled  vocabulary provide necessary  scaffolding for students who are  struggling readers.

• D.) Reading diverse texts helps to  promote students' development of  phonological and phonemic  awareness skills.

Multiple Choice

98.) Frequent oral reading to kindergarten  children using appropriate and expressive  intonation and voices is likely to promote  the students' reading development  primarily by:

• A.)   improving their aural discrimination  skills.

• B.) explicitly teaching letter-sound  correspondence.

• C.) fostering their engagement in and  love of reading.

• D.) explicitly modeling phonological  concepts such as word boundaries.

Multiple Choice

99.) Which of the following strategies is likely  to be most effective in promoting reluctant  readers' interest in independent reading  outside of school?

• A.) Calculate numerical scores based on  the number and difficulty level of  the books students read at home and  integrate the score into students'  report card grade for reading.

• B.) Encourage parents to give their  children simple external rewards for  at-home reading, such as an extra  helping of a favorite treat.

• C.)   Encourage students and parents to  read books together on a regular  basis, either silently or aloud, and  discuss their personal responses to  each chapter or key event.

• D.) Recommend that parents make their  children's daily television-watching  time contingent on their reading a  specified number of pages first.

Multiple Choice

100.) Electronic reading books are advantageous  for beginning or struggling readers  primarily because this type of computer  software:

• A.) scaffolds learning by providing a  high level of interactivity.

• B.) helps students develop familiarity  with reading from a computer  screen.

• C.)   provides students with models of  good reading practices and habits

• D.) minimizes the focus on written text  by using sound effects and voices to  convey meaning.

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