Nature of Matter

​What are we made of? Just as buildings are made from bricks, steel, and wood, all forms of life are made from chemical compounds.

​The body uses the substances in air, food, and water that we breathe, eat, or drink to carry out chemical reactions to keep us alive.

​These substances are made up of matter.​

What then is the nature of matter?​

​Q

Multiple Choice

All forms of life are made from chemical copounds.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The chemicals in the body of living organisms are obtained from all the foolwing except ..........

• air

• food

• sound

• water

Multiple Choice

Chemical reactions in organisms keep them alive.

• True

• False

Learning Objectives

​By the end of the week, you will be able to:

1. Define atom and name all the subatomic particles​.

2. Distinguish between elements and isotopes.

3. Define chemical compounds​ and give at least three examples of chemical compounds.

4. State and explain the two main types of chemical bonds.

​Lesson Breakdown

​Lesson 1​: Atoms

​Lesson 2: Elements and Isotopes

Lesson​ 3: Chemical Compounds

Lesson​ 4: Chemical Bonds​

​Lesson 1​

​

Atoms

Atoms

​By the end of Lesson 1, you will be able to answer the following Key Questions!

1. What is an atom?

2. What three subatomic particles make up atoms?

3. What are the characteristics of the subatomic particles?​

​V

Fill in the Blanks

• ​Atom is the basic unit (or the smallest particle) of matter.

• The subatomic particles are:

  1. protons

  2. neutrons

  3. electrons

• Protons and neutrons together form the nucleus of an atom.​​

• A strong force of attraction binds protons and neutrons together.​

​

​Q

Open Ended

The three subatomic particles are ...........

Open Ended

Which two subatomic particles make up the nucleus?

Multiple Choice

The nucleus is found at the center of the atom.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The force of attraction that binds the protons and the neutrons together to form the nucleus is ..............

• weak

• strong

• ​In an atom the number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons.

  ​

• ​Electrons are arranged in a series of shells or orbitals.

  ​

• Atoms are electrically neutral​ because they have equal numbers of protons (+) and electrons (-) and the opposite charges cancel out.

​Properties of the subatomic particles.

​

​	Location	​Mass	Charge​
​Proton	​inside the nucleus	​1 a.m.u.	+ 1
​Neutron	​inside the nucleus	​1 a.m.u.	0
​Electron	​on shells around the nucleus	0.0005 a.m.u.	- 1

​Note:

a.m.u. means atomic mass unit

​Q

Match

Match these particles to their charges.

• proton

• elctron

• neutron

+1

-1

0

• +1

• -1

• 0

Open Ended

In one sentence, state why atoms are electrically neutral.

​Thank You

Lesson 2

Elements and Isotopes