G9 Chap 2.1 - Organisms and Their Relationships

Organisms and Their Relationships

Chapter 2 Section 1

​What is the main source of energy for all organisms on Earth?

​

Question...

​Ecology

​Scientific study of

• relationships between living organisms

• interactions organisms have with their environment

​

Ecologist - a person who studies ecology/ecosystems​

​Biotic vs Abiotic Factors

​Biotic Factors

• living things in the environment

• Examples - plants/animals we eat, mosquitos, bacteria in our gut, other humans

​

​Abiotic Factors

• non-living things in the environment

• Examples - air, sunlight, temp, water, rain, soil​

​Biotic vs Abiotic Factors

• ​These are things that can affect an organism's life

• Organisms need abiotic factors to survive

  • They are ad​apted to survive abiotic conditions of their environment

    • Desert vs Rainforest

Multiple Choice

Which is an abiotic factor shown in the picture?

• Elephants

• Giraffe

• Water

• Trees

Multiple Choice

Which is a biotic factor shown in the picture?

• Lion

• Air

• Soil

• Sunlight

​Let's Practice
(don't write this whole slide in your notes)

​Think of your favorite animal. Write it in your notebook. Then, answer these 2 questions about the animal:

• ​What are some biotic factors for this animal?

  • What does it eat? Who are its predators? Which plants and animals those your favorite animal have a close relationship?

• What are some abiotic factors for this animal?

  • Describe the environment it lives in? Hot, cool, wet, dry​?

​Ecological Levels

​From small -> big

• ​Organism

• Population

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Biome

• Biosphere​

​Population

​All the individuals of the same species that live together in an area

• They may compete for resources

  • Food/water

  • Shelter/protection

  • Reproducti​ve mates

​

​Community

​All the different species that live together in an area

• Plants + animals + fungi + bacteria

• They might

  • Compete for resources

  • Have predator/prey relationship

  • Help/hurt each other

​

Community = All the Biotic Factors​ in an area

​Ecosystem

​The community (biotic factors) + the non-living parts (abiotic factors) of the environment

• Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria + Sunlight, rain, temp, water, soi​l, rocks

​

Multiple Choice

Ecological level that includes all the different species living together in an area

• ecosystem

• community

• organism

• biosphere

​Biome

​Large group of similar ecosystems, covering large areas of Earth

• Can be on different continents

  • ​Examples

    • desert

    • tundra

    • rain forest

    • fresh water

    • ocean

​Biosphere

​All parts of Earth where living things are found

• ​Bio = life Sphere = ball

• Lower atmosphere with birds/bugs

• Land with P A F B

• ​Parts of rivers, lakes, ocean with living things

Multiple Choice

Only certain plants and animals can survive the environment of a desert, because it is very hot and dry. A desert is a type of ___________

• biome

• organism

• population

• community

Multiple Choice

The largest ecological level is

• organism

• biosphere

• biome

• population

Ecological Level videos

​Video 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srbuqpr6jUw

​

Video 2 - ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzXcfY4T8jI

​Habitat

​The specific AREA where an organisms lives within its ecosystem

• Where it finds food, shelter, mates​

​

​Spider vs Bear

​

Video - Habitat​ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p15IrEuhYmo​

​

​Niche

​The unique WAY an organism survives in the habitat

• HOW it finds food, shelter, mates​

​

The ROLE an organism has in the ecosystem​

• ​Reduces competition when species have different niches

​

​Let's Practice
(don't write this slide)

​Unity - Habitat vs Niche

• Grade 7 and Grade 9 students at Unity

  • Same Habitat? Same Niche?

• Teachers​ at Unity

  • Same Habitat? Same Niche?

​Habitat vs Niche Video

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_wSPbW-dFE&t=21s

​Competition

​When more than 1 organism uses a resource at the same time

• Food, water, space, light, shelter, mates

​

If resources are limited​

• The strong survive, the weak die

• Some organisms might move to another location

​Predation

​The act of hunting and consuming (eating) another organism for food

• Predator - the organism who hunts and eats

• Prey - the organism who is killed​

Multiple Choice

Who is the predator?

• lion

• zebra

Multiple Choice

Who is the prey?

• lion

• zebra

​Symbiotic Relationships

​A close relationship between 2+ species who live together

• Helps species to survive

• 3 different kinds

​Mutualism

​Both organisms benefit/help each other

:) :)

​

• Example: ​bee and flower

​

​

​Commensalism

​One organism benefits, the other organism is neither hurt nor helped

:) -_-

​

• Example:​ deer and spider

​Parasitism

​One organism benefits, the other organism is hurt (but usually not killed!)

:) :(

​

Example: ​mosquito and human

​Symbiotic Relationships Video

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNjPI84sApQ

​

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqPhY1-4f_0

​

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship?

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship?

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship?

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey