G9 Chap 2.1 - Organisms and Their Relationships

Organisms and Their Relationships

Chapter 2 Section 1

​What is the main source of energy for all organisms on Earth?

​

Question...

​Ecology

​Scientific study of

• relationships between living organisms

• interactions organisms have with their environment

​

Ecologist - a person who studies ecology/ecosystems​

​Biotic vs Abiotic Factors

​Biotic Factors

• living things in the environment

• Examples - plants/animals we eat, mosquitos, bacteria in our gut, other humans

​

​Abiotic Factors

• non-living things in the environment

• Examples - air, sunlight, temp, water, rain, soil​

​Biotic vs Abiotic Factors

• ​These are things that can affect an organism's life

• Organisms need abiotic factors to survive

  • They are ad​apted to survive abiotic conditions of their environment

    • Desert vs Rainforest

Multiple Choice

Which is an abiotic factor shown in the picture?

• Elephants

• Giraffe

• Water

• Trees

Multiple Choice

Which is a biotic factor shown in the picture?

• Lion

• Air

• Soil

• Sunlight

​Let's Practice
(don't write this whole slide in your notes)

​Think of your favorite animal. Write it in your notebook. Then, answer these 2 questions about the animal:

• ​What are some biotic factors for this animal?

  • What does it eat? Who are its predators? Which plants and animals those your favorite animal have a close relationship?

• What are some abiotic factors for this animal?

  • Describe the environment it lives in? Hot, cool, wet, dry​?

​Ecological Levels

​From small -> big

• ​Organism

• Population

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Biome

• Biosphere​

​Population

​All the individuals of the same species that live together in an area

• They may compete for resources

  • Food/water

  • Shelter/protection

  • Reproducti​ve mates

​

​Community

​All the different species that live together in an area

• Plants + animals + fungi + bacteria

• They might

  • Compete for resources

  • Have predator/prey relationship

  • Help/hurt each other

​

Community = All the Biotic Factors​ in an area

​Ecosystem

​The community (biotic factors) + the non-living parts (abiotic factors) of the environment

• Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria + Sunlight, rain, temp, water, soi​l, rocks

​

Fill in the Blank

Ecological level that is all the individuals of one species living together in an area

Fill in the Blank

Ecological level that is both the Biotic Factors and Abiotic Factors in an area

Multiple Choice

Ecological level that includes all the different species living together in an area

• ecosystem

• community

• organism

• biosphere

​Biome

​Large group of similar ecosystems, covering large areas of Earth

• Can be on different continents

  • ​Examples

    • desert

    • tundra

    • rain forest

    • fresh water

    • ocean

​Biosphere

​All parts of Earth where living things are found

• ​Bio = life Sphere = ball

• Lower atmosphere with birds/bugs

• Land with P A F B

• ​Parts of rivers, lakes, ocean with living things

Multiple Choice

Only certain plants and animals can survive the environment of a desert, because it is very hot and dry. A desert is a type of ___________

• biome

• organism

• population

• community

Multiple Choice

The largest ecological level is

• organism

• biosphere

• biome

• population

Ecological Level videos

​Video 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srbuqpr6jUw

​

Video 2 - ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzXcfY4T8jI

​Habitat

​The specific AREA where an organisms lives within its ecosystem

• Where it finds food, shelter, mates​

​

​Spider vs Bear

​

Video - Habitat​ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p15IrEuhYmo​

​

​Niche

​The unique WAY an organism survives in the habitat

• HOW it finds food, shelter, mates​

​

The ROLE an organism has in the ecosystem​

• ​Reduces competition when species have different niches

​

​Let's Practice
(don't write this slide)

​Unity - Habitat vs Niche

• Grade 7 and Grade 9 students at Unity

  • Same Habitat? Same Niche?

• Teachers​ at Unity

  • Same Habitat? Same Niche?

​Habitat vs Niche Video

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_wSPbW-dFE&t=21s

Fill in the Blank

"Giraffes live in grasslands of Africa" - Is this their habitat or niche?

Fill in the Blank

"Giraffes eat leaves from tall trees, that other animals cannot reach" - Is this their habitat or niche?

​Competition

​When more than 1 organism uses a resource at the same time

• Food, water, space, light, shelter, mates

​

If resources are limited​

• The strong survive, the weak die

• Some organisms might move to another location

​Predation

​The act of hunting and consuming (eating) another organism for food

• Predator - the organism who hunts and eats

• Prey - the organism who is killed​

Multiple Choice

Who is the predator?

• lion

• zebra

Multiple Choice

Who is the prey?

• lion

• zebra

​Symbiotic Relationships

​A close relationship between 2+ species who live together

• Helps species to survive

• 3 different kinds

​Mutualism

​Both organisms benefit/help each other

:) :)

​

• Example: ​bee and flower

​

​

​Commensalism

​One organism benefits, the other organism is neither hurt nor helped

:) -_-

​

• Example:​ deer and spider

​Parasitism

​One organism benefits, the other organism is hurt (but usually not killed!)

:) :(

​

Example: ​mosquito and human

​Symbiotic Relationships Video

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNjPI84sApQ

​

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqPhY1-4f_0

​

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship?

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship?

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship?

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

• predator/prey