Egypt

 As we discuss the GRAPES of this ancient civilization record your notes in the Graphic Organizer

 The Bolded information should be added to your Graphic Organizer for each letter

 Make sure you save the Graphic Organizer at the end of class, so you do not lose notes.

 Notes will be taken as a grade…

​How to Take Notes

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​Ancient Egypt:

The Gift of the Nile

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​•Egypt is in the Northeast corner of Africa

•The Egypt that exists today is only a portion of the Ancient Egypt

​

Where in the World are we?

Multiple Choice

Where is Egypt Located on the map?

• In South Carolina

• In America

• The Northeast corner of Africa

• Antartica

​Geography

Like Mesopotamia Ancient Egypt is dry and arid, most of the region is in the Sahara Desert

 Beside the Sahara Desert there is one main character in the story of Ancient Egypt

 The Nile River, the longest river in the world flows North through Africa into the Mediterranean Sea

 The Nile River is two separate rivers, the Blue and White Nile

 The Nile existed as the life blood of Ancient Egypt; it made the otherwise barren desert of Egypt livable

 The Dessert served to keep Egypt separated from outsiders

​ Fresh water from the Nile and flood patterns created good farming land around the Nile River

 The Egyptians also utilized irrigation systems like canals and dams

 The Nile mainly flooded in the Northern most part of the Nile called the Nile Delta,

 This part of Egypt is known as Lower Egypt, with Upper Egypt being further up river

​

Geography

Multiple Choice

Fresh water from the Nile was good for?

• Selfies

• Farming

• Taking a Test

• Sleeping

​Polytheism: the belief in many gods.

 Egyptians and Mesopotamians both had religions that were a form of polytheism. 

 Many large cities in Ancient Egypt had patron gods like in Mesopotamia

 Tributes and rituals were performed led by priests in honor of the gods

Characteristics of gods

 Many gods and goddesses had the head of an animal and the body of a human. Many were shown carry object like books or tools

Religion

Multiple Choice

What is Polytheism?

• Belief in Jesus

• Belief in one God

• Belief in Many Gods

• Belief in Buddha

​The Book of the Dead

 Book of the dead Contains spells, charms, passwords and numbers to help secure an easy passage for the deceased into the after life

 Egyptians believed that knowledge of the appropriate spells was essential to achieving happiness in the next life

 The book of the Dead was first inscribed on the sarcophagus, then later written on papyrus paper

​Religion

​ Anubis: God of the Dead, Associated with embalming and mummification, Guider of souls to the Hall of Truth/afterlife

 Horus: Associated with the sun, sky, and power. Son of Isis and Osiris. God vengeance and the Pharaohs

 Osiris: Lord and judge of the dead, one of the “First Five Gods” god of Vegetation

​Religion

Multiple Choice

What is the Book of Dead?

• Harry Potters Books

• Among Us Magazine

• contains spells, charms, passwords and numbers

• A book for Jesus

Multiple Choice

Who is Horus?

• God of Death

• God of Sun

• God of Snapchat

• Lord and Judge of the Dead

​Achievements

​Science and Technology

 Construction and simple machines

 Egyptians created massive structures by using simple machines like the: pulley, wedge, screw, inclined plane, and lever

 Papyrus:

 Durable sheets of paper cut from flattened strips of the Papyrus plant

 Hieroglyphics and Rosetta Stone

 A written language using picture words starting around 5,000 years ago

 The Rosetta Stone contained a written message in 3 languages used for translation

 Sun and Water Clock

 Used different methods to measure

​Achievements

​Architecture

 Great works in for the Pharaohs

 The Pyramids and Sphinx at Giza

 Obelisks

 Valley of the Kings

 Large Cities at Memphis and Thebes

 The Temples at Karnak

 The massive temple complex of Karnak was the principal religious center of the god Amun-Re in Thebes , remains one of the largest religious complexes in the world.

Multiple Choice

What is one of the largest religious centers in the world?

• Seacost Church

• Temple Complex of Karnak

• Pyramids

• Valley of the Kings

Multiple Choice

How many languages are on the Rosetta Stone?

• 2

• 7

• 3

• 10

Multiple Choice

What was the paper that Egyptians used?

• Notebook

• Trees

• Grass

• Papyrus

Multiple Choice

Sun and what were used for measurements?

• Water

• Rivers

• Oceans

• Sand

​Achievements

​Women’s Rights

 Egyptian Women had rights that most ancient women did not. 

 These included:

 Own property/businesses

 Testify in court

 Make legal contracts

 Divorce their husbands

​Politics

​Pharaoh system

 Pharaoh – ruler of Ancient Egypt

 Pharaohs were considered half human and half god

 Served both political and religious roles – theocracy

 Believed each pharaoh ruled after death, they possessed same eternal spirit (ka)

42 commandments of Maat

 Maat was the goddess of truth, justice, and harmony

 42 rules for life that all Egyptians were to follow

Multiple Choice

Who is the Ruler of Ancient Egypt?

• King

• Pharoh

• President

• Ruler

​Politics

​Menes

 First to unify Egypt as one kingdom, strong control over all of Egypt

 Ramses II

 Ruled into he was nearly 90 years old, built many monuments, signed the first peace treaty

 Built more monuments and conquered more land than any other Egyptian Pharaoh

 Hatshepsut

 Ruled was a female King (rules stated only men could rule), rebuilt monuments destroyed by invaders, reestablished trade routes throughout the ancient world

Multiple Choice

Who was the first female king?

• Menes

• Ramses II

• Hatsheput

• Tut

​Economics

​How did they trade:

 Ships and sailboats could travel along the Nile

 Loaded goods on carts and camels, farmers used donkeys

 Other trade routes ran across the desert to other seaports or to Mesopotamia

What did they trade

 Exports: sold Jewelry, fabrics, pottery and gold

 Imports: silver, copper, timber, and wheat

​Social Structure

​ Similar in ways to Mesopotamia, Social status was based on what you did for a living

 Pharaoh and Priests were at the top (the connection to the gods) , Peasants and Slaves at the bottom (seen as expendable or commodities)

 New groups in this Social Structure, Soldiers and Nobles

 Nobles, a rich leisurely lifestyle, Paid wages to others to work for them, owned more property, Fought wars for the pharaoh (gathered armies and led into battle)

 Why might Soldiers be so high in the Social Structure?