Intonation

Pronunciation of past tenses

(-ed)

กริยาปกติเมื่ออยู่ในรูปอดีต จะเติม -ed และออกเสียงต่าง ๆ กันคือ

1. ออกเสียงเป็น /d/ เมื่อคำกริยานั้นลงท้ายด้วยเสียงพยัญชนะที่ก้อง (voiced) เช่น saved /seɪvd/

2. ออกเสียงเป็น /t/ เมื่อคำกริยานั้นลงท้ายด้วยเสียงพยัญชนะที่ไม่ก้อง (voiceless) เช่น coughed /kɒft/

3. ​ออกเสียงเป็น /id/ เมื่อคำกริยานั้นลงท้ายด้วย /t/ และ /d/ เช่น waited, depended

Multiple Choice

passed

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

wanted

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

amazed

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

danced

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

tripped

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

screamed

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

played

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

wasted

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

pointed

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

Multiple Choice

covered

• /id/

• /d/

• /t/

​Intonation ท่วงทำนองเสียง​

คือ การเปลี่ยนของเสียงในลักษณะสูง ต่ำในการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษ (changing of pitch in English pronunciation)

Falling intonation

(The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the sentence.) Falling intonation is the most common intonation pattern in English. It is commonly found in statements, commands, wh-questions (information questions), confirmatory question tags and exclamations.

• Statements

  • Nice to meet ➘ you.

  • I’ll be back in a ➘ minute.

  • She doesn’t live here ➘ anymore.

  • Dad wants to change his ➘ car.

Falling intonation

Commands

• Write your name ➘ here.

• Show me what you’ve ➘ written.

• Leave it on the ➘ desk.

• ​Take that picture ➘ down.

  Wh- questions (requesting information.)(questions beginning with 'who', 'what', 'why', 'where', 'when', 'which', and 'how')

• What country do you come ➘ from?

• Where do you ➘ work?

• Which of them do you ➘ prefer?

• When does the shop ➘ open?

Falling intonation

• Questions Tags that are statements requesting confirmation rather than questions. Not all tag questions are really questions. Some of them merely ask for confirmation or invite agreement, in which case we use a falling tone at the end.

  • He thinks he’s so clever, doesn’t ➘ he?

  • She's such a nuisance, isn't ➘ she?

  • He failed the test because he didn't revise, did ➘ he?

  • It doesn't seem to bother him much, does ➘ it?

Falling intonation

• Exclamations

  • How nice of ➘ you!

  • That's just what I ➘ need!

  • You don't ➘ say!

  • What a beautiful ➘ voice!

  • That's a ➘ surprise!

Rising intonation

• (The pitch of the voice rises at the end of a sentence.) Rising intonation invites the speaker to continue talking. It is normally used with yes/no questions, and question tags that are real questions.

  • Yes/no Questions (Questions that can be answered by 'yes' or 'no'.)

    • Do you like your new ➚ teacher?

    • Have you finished ➚ already?

    • May I borrow your ➚ dictionary?

    • Do you have any ➚ magazines?

Rising intonation

• Questions tags that show uncertainty and require an answer (real questions).

  • We've met already, ➚ haven't we?

  • You like fish, ➚ don't you?

  • You're a new student ➚ aren't you?

  • The view is beautiful, ➚ isn't it?

Rise-Fall intonation ในคำที่ต่างกัน

• (The intonation rises and then falls.) We use rise-fall intonation for choices, lists, unfinished thoughts and conditional sentences.

  • Choices (alternative questions.)

    • Are you having ➚ soup or ➘ salad?

    • Is John leaving on ➚ Thursday or ➘ Friday?

    • Does he speak ➚ German or ➘ French?

    • Is your name ➚ Ava or ➘ Eva?

Rise-Fall intonation ในคำที่ต่างกัน

• Lists (rising, rising, rising, falling) Intonation falls on the last item to show that the list is finished.

  • We've got ➚ apples, pears, bananas and ➘ oranges

  • The sweater comes in ➚ blue, white pink and ➘ black

  • I like ➚ football, tennis, basketball and ➘ volleyball.

  • I bought ➚ a tee-shirt, a skirt and a ➘ handbag.

Rise-Fall intonation ในคำที่ต่างกัน

• Unfinished thoughts (partial statements) In the responses to the following questions, the rise-fall intonation indicates reservation. The speaker hesitates to fully express his/her thoughts.

  • Do you like my new handbag? Well the ➚ leather is ➘ nice... ( but I don't like it.)

  • What was the meal like? Hmm, the ➚ fish was ➘ good... (but the rest wasn't great).

  • So you both live in Los Angeles? Well ➚ Alex ➘ does ... (but I don't).

Rise-Fall intonation ในคำที่ต่างกัน

• Conditional sentences (The tone rises in the first clause and falls gradually in the second clause.)

  • If he ➚ calls, ask him to leave a ➘ message.

  • Unless he ➚ insists, I'm not going to ➘ go.

  • If you have any ➚ problems, just ➘ contact us.

​Fall-Rise intonation ในคำเดียวกัน

• (The voice falls and rises usually within one word.) The main function of fall-rise intonation is to show that the speaker is not certain of the answer they are giving to a question, or is reluctant to reply (as opposed to a falling tone used when there is no hesitation). It is also used in polite requests or suggestions.

  • Hesitation/reluctance:

    • So you'd be willing to confirm that? ...Well ... I ➘sup➚pose so ...

    • You didn't see him on Monday?   I don't quite ➘re➚member ...

​Fall-Rise intonation ในคำเดียวกัน

• Politeness-Doubt-Uncertainty: (You are not sure what the answer might be.)

  • Perhaps we could ➘vis➚it the place?

  • Should we ➘cop➚y the list?

  • Do you think it's ➘al➚lowed?

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