4.1 Energy, Producers, and Consumers

​Ch. 4 Ecosystems

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4.1 Energy, Producers and Consumers

​Learning Targets

​4.1

D. Define producers

E. Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients​

​Primary Producers

Living things CANNOT create energy

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Autotrophs: Organisms that capture energy from nonliving sources and convert it into forms living things can use.​

Primary producers: First producers of energy rich compounds that can be used later by other organisms.​

• All life depends on primary producers.​

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​Energy from the Sun

Energy that powers most life on Earth comes from the sun

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Photosynthesis: process used by autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions.

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Carbon dioxide + Water ----Light----> Glucose + Oxygen​

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​Plants on land

​Algae in freshwater and saltwater

​Bacteria- Cyanobacteria

​Life Without Light

Some organisms can live in total darkness

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Chemosynthesis: chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates.​

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Chemosynthetic primary consumers live in a variety of environments

Example: Ocean vents​

Where else do they live?

• ​Earth's crust

• Underground streams

• Underground caves

• Mud of tidal flats​

​Chemosynthetic bacteria

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Multiple Choice

Organisms that can capture energy from inorganic materials and convert it into forms living cells can use.

• autotrophs

• chemotrophs

• heterotroph

• consumer

Multiple Choice

The process in which autotrophs use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

• photosynthesis

• chemosynthesis

• heterosynthesis

• autotrophicsynthesis

Multiple Choice

process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

• photosynthesis

• chemosynthesis

• heterosynthesis

• autotrophicsynthesis

Multiple Choice

first producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms

• primary consumer

• primary producer

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a raw material of photosynthesis?

• carbon dioxide

• oxygen

• glucose

• sunlight

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a product of photosynthesis?

• oxygen

• water

• glucose

• all of these are products

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a place where chemosynthesizers exist?

• ocean vents

• volcanic vents

• mud of tidal flats

• surface water of freshwater lakes

​Consumers

Many organisms cannot get energy directly from the environment

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Heterotrophs: Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things.​

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Consumers: Organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients.​

Subject | Subject

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​Types of Consumers

Carnivores: eat other animals

Herbivores: eat vegetation

Omnivores: eat both plants and animals

Scavengers: eat carcasses of dead animals

Decomposers: feed by chemically breaking down organic decaying matter​

Detritus: small pieces of dead and decaying plant and animal remains'

Detritivores: feed by consuming detritus and sometimes decomposers​

Subject | Subject

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