MYP2 Standard Units and Significant Figures

Introduction to

​Standard Units and

Significant Figures

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​Barter

​is trading for goods without a fixed price tag. Some places barter with currencies, and some use only goods to trade with. As people traded, they realized that they needed standardization in measurement for length, weight, and other quantities.

​English (Imperial)

System

​Due to colonization and economic trade among westerners, english system of measurement is more common in the the ancient times. 

​Metric System

Le Systéme International​ d'Unités (S.I.)

​Metric system was first used in Paris in June 22, 1799 in the midst of French revolution. It was adopted by international agreement in 1960.

​

Watch the video that follows this slide to understand its history.

​The Metric System has 7 based quantities.​

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​The seven base quantities can be used to DERIVE other units such as

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​Conversion of units is also very easy in Metric System because it follows 10 as conversion factor.

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​Conversion of units is also very easy in Metric System because it follows 10 as conversion factor.

​The next few slides will assess / test your understanding of the previous slides and the video...

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Multiple Select

Which fundamental quantity is measured in amperes?

• electric current

• amount of substance

• temperature

• intensity of light

Multiple Choice

The standard unit of length is

• meter

• second

• kilogram

• newton

Multiple Choice

Which one of these options is NOT a derived quantity?

• Area

• Volume

• Density

• Temperature

Multiple Choice

What is the SI unit of Amount of substance

• metre

• candela

• newton

• mole

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is the derived unit?

• speed

• length

• mass

• luminous intensity

Multiple Choice

How many fundamental quantities are there?

• 10

• 5

• 7

• 8

Multiple Choice

Which is a not a fundamental quantity here?

• length

• area

• mass

• time

Multiple Choice

The SI unit of time is

• hour

• second

• minute

• days

Multiple Choice

In Science and Technology, a worldwide system of measurements is used. This system and it's units are called . . .

• Prefixes and suffixes;

• The metric or international system (SI) of units;

• Scientific names and units;

• Millimeter, centimeter and kilogram.

Multiple Choice

The capacity of a glass of orange juice would be measured in...

• litres  (L)

• cubic metres  (m³)

• millilitres  (mL)

• kilograms  (kg)

Multiple Choice

Select the largest unit from the choices.

• kilogram

• centigram

• decigram

• hectogram

Multiple Choice

Select the smallest unit.

• milliliter

• centiliter

• hectoliter

• liter

Multiple Choice

15 m = _____ mm

• 15,000

• 1,500

• 0.015

• 150

Multiple Choice

240 cm = ___________ m

• 2400
• 24
• 2.4
• 0.24

​Scientific Notation

​Some numbers in measurements are too big or too small that it contains a lot of zeroes. We shorten these numbers by using scientific notations.

​

There are 5 rules​ you need to consider when writing numbers in scientific notations.

​Rules on Scientific Notation:

​

RULE #1:  Standard Scientific Notation is a number from 1 to 9 followed by a decimal and the remaining significant figures and an exponent of 10 to hold place value.

​

​

​1.50 x 10¹¹ meters

​Rules on Scientific Notation:

​

RULE #2:  When the decimal is moved to the Left the exponent gets Larger, but the value of the number stays the same.  Each place the decimal moves Changes the exponent by one (1).  If you move the decimal to the Right it makes the exponent smaller by one (1) for each place it is moved.

​

​

​Rules on Scientific Notation:

​

RULE #2:  When the decimal is moved to the Left the exponent gets Larger, but the value of the number stays the same.  Each place the decimal moves Changes the exponent by one (1).  If you move the decimal to the Right it makes the exponent smaller by one (1) for each place it is moved.

​

​

​Rules on Scientific Notation:

​

RULE #3:  To add/subtract in scientific notation, the exponents must first be the same.

​

​

Multiple Choice

Write the following number in scientific notation.

360

• $$3.6\times10^2$$  

• $$0.36\times10^2$$  

• $$3.6\times10^3$$  

• $$3.6\times10^{-2}$$  

Multiple Choice

Write the following number in scientific notation.

0.052

• $$5.2\times10^1$$  

• $$5.2\times10^{-1}$$  

• $$5.2\times10^{-2}$$  

• $$5.2\times10^2$$  

Multiple Choice

Choose the smaller number.

• $$9.5\times10^4$$  

• $$9.21\times10^7$$  

Multiple Choice

Choose the smaller number.

• $$9.5\times10^4$$  

• $$9.21\times10^4$$  

Multiple Choice

Choose the bigger number.

• $$2.45\times10^{-6}$$  

• $$7.3\times10^{-8}$$  

Multiple Choice

Write the following number in scientific notation correctly.

$$942.1\times10^8$$  

• $$9.421\times10^8$$  

• $$9.421\times10^5$$  

• $$9.421\times10^{11}$$  

• $$9.421\times10^{10}$$  

Multiple Choice

Write the following number in scientific notation correctly.

$$0.00002\times10^{-5}$$  

• $$2\times10^{-11}$$  

• $$2\times10^{-10}$$  

• $$2\times10^0$$  

• $$2\times10^{-9}$$  

Multiple Choice

Evaluate the following expression.

$$\left(2.1\times10^6\right)\left(6\times10^3\right)$$  

• $$1.26\times10^{10}$$  

• $$1.26\times10^9$$  

• $$3.5\times10^1$$  

• $$3.5\times10^2$$  

​Measurement should be reliable

​Whenever we make measurements, we sometimes encounter the words ACCURATE, PRECISE, and ERROR.

​

​ACCURACY - is the closeness of a measurement to an accepted true value.

​PRECISE - is the repeatability of the measurement to previous trials.

​ERROR - is the lack of precision or accuracy of a measurement which can be attributed to the faulty instrument or the person using it.

​

RELIABLE measurements should be precise and accurate.​

​TOOL PRECISION

​Measurement tools have their own precision depending on the degree of repeatability the scientist needs to have.

​

Most rulers can be precise up to 0.001 m or 1 mm

Vernier caliper can be precise up to 0.00002 m or 0.02 mm​

Some other special tools can measure higher precisions.

​

​

​READING MEASUREMENTS

​Measurement reading should always combine the precision of the instrument and ONE estimated digit.

​READING MEASUREMENTS

​Significant Figures

​Measurements that consider the precision of the instrument provides significant figures. These numbers are important whenever we measure in science as they are precise and reliable.

​Significant Figures

​There are rules in writing significant figures. These guidelines are important in order for scientists to keep tract of the precision of the measurement.

​Significant Figures

​Significant Figures

​Significant Figures

​Significant Figures

​Significant Figures

Multiple Choice

What are significant figures?

• They are the precise digits that a measurement contains.

• They are diagrams representing significant atoms and molecules.

• They are measurements of length of important locations.

• They are derived units of measurement in SI.

Multiple Choice

Select the measurement with the correct number of significant figures.

• 8.250

• 8.25

• 8.2

• 8

Multiple Choice

Select the measurement with the correct number of significant figures.

• 6 cm

• 6.770 cm

• 6.77 cm

• 6.775 cm

Multiple Choice

Measurements: 24.9, 25.2, 25.1, 25.0

True Value: 29.0

These measurements are…

• Accurate, but not precise

• Precise, but not accurate

• Both precise and accurate

• Neither precise nor accurate

Multiple Select

Which fundamental quantity is measured in amperes?

• electric current

• amount of substance

• temperature

• intensity of light

Multiple Choice

This bullseye demonstrates...

• High Accuracy & High Precision
• High Accuracy & Low Precision
• Low Accuracy & High Precision
• Low Accuracy & Low Precision

Multiple Choice

Which value is a possible correct measurement of the pink bar?

• 56 cm

• 5.6 cm

• 56.5 cm

• 5.65 cm

Multiple Choice

Mr. Millhollan was shooting darts with Mr. Smiley over the weekend. Mr. Millhollan's shots from Round 1 are pictured here. How would you describe Mr. Millhollan's Dart Shooting Game?

• Precise, but not Accurate

• Accurate, but not Precise

• High Precision, High Accuracy

• Low Precision, Low Accuracy

Multiple Choice

Give the answer to the correct number of significant figures to

3.419 + 3.912 + 7.0518 + 0.00013

• 14.383

• 14.382

• 14.3829

• 14.38293

Multiple Choice

Give the answer to the correct number of significant figures to

145.63 - 28.9

• 116.73

• 116.7

• 116.70

• 117

Multiple Choice

Give the answer to the correct number of significant figures to

247.89 ÷ 43.5

• 5.70

• 5.7

• 5.699

• 5.69

Multiple Choice

How many significant figures are there in 1008 grams?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many significant figures are in the result for the following calculation?

$$\frac{65.3\ J}{50.085\ s}$$  

• 5 significant figures

• 2 significant figures

• 1 significant figure

• 3 significant figures

Multiple Choice

What is the result for the following calculation? Ensure that the correct number of significant figures are included in the calculated result.

$$25.085\ m\ +\ 16.2\ m$$  

• 41.3 m

• 41.2085 m

• 41.285 m

• 41.2 m

Multiple Choice

What is the result of the following calculation? Ensure that the correct number of significant figures are included in the calculated result.

$$12.582\ s\ -\ 5.23\ s$$  

• 7.360 s

• 7.36 s

• 7.35 s

• 7.352 s

• 7.350 s

Multiple Choice

Which set of measurements demonstrates accuracy and precision if the true value is equal to 25.0 cm?

• 19.9 cm

  20.0 cm

  20.0 cm

  20.1 cm

  20.2 cm

• 24.8 cm

  24.9 cm

  25.0 cm

  25.0 cm

  25.1 cm

• 17.2 cm

  18.9 cm

  19.8 cm

  20.0 cm

  22.0 cm

• 23.5 cm

  24.9 cm

  25.0 cm

  26.3 cm

  26.5 cm

Multiple Choice

Round 52689 to 3 significant figures.

• 526
• 527
• 52600
• 52700

Multiple Choice

Round 0.00258954 to 4 significant figures.

• 0.0025
• 0.002589
• 0.002580
• 0.002590

Multiple Choice

Round 1235 to 2 significant figures.

• 12
• 1200
• 1200.
• 1200.00

Multiple Choice

What is 78.5 rounded to one significant figure?

• 79
• 78.5
• 70
• 80

Multiple Choice

Calculate 1.23 m x 0.89 m and give your answer with the appropriate number of significant figures.

• 1.0 m²
• 1.1 m²
• 1.0947 m²
• 1.09 m²