Macromolecules

​Macromolecules

~Biochemistry~​

MOLECULES are when two or more atoms are bonded together.

ATOMS​ are the smallest unit of ordinary matter.

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​Reminder!

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​Ionic bonds are formed when an e- is transferred.

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​​Ionic Bond

​Covalent Bonds are formed when an e- is shared.

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Strongest Chemical Bond​

​​Covalent Bond

​The FOUR Macromolecules

• ​Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Protein

• Nucleic Acids​

​Mono - means ONE

It is a singular component that makes up the larger structures of macromolecules. Each macromolecule has its own monomers.​

​​Monomer

​Poly - means MULTIPLE

A polymer is when two or more monomers bond together to make a larger, more complex macromolecule​

​​Polymer

SUGARS

Monomer - monosaccharide

Polymer - Polysaccharide; Disaccharide (TWO monomers)​

Sugar's monomers are:

1. Glucose

2. Fructose

3. Galactose​

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​Carbohydrates

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Multiple Choice

Which of these is likely a sugar base on the last letters of the word?

• Cortisol

• Lactose

• Adenosine Triphosphate

• Lactase

When two monosaccharides bond, they become a dissacharide. These are simple carbs and are easily broken down sources of energy.​

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​Disaccharides

Multiple Choice

How many monomers are joined together to make a disaccharide?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

​Function of Carbohydrates

​Energy and Structure

The primary functions of carbohydrates is energy storage. Carbohydrates are types of sugars. Outside of energy storage, they can provide structure like the carbohydrate cellulose, which is the indigestible portion of plants.

---words that end in -ose are often sugars​

Open Ended

What are the two functions of carbohydrates?

​Fats contain a glycerol and a fatty acid tail.

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​Lipids (Fats):

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​Function of Lipids

​Store Energy

Like carbohydrates, lipids also have energy. The energy in lipids is not as easy to access, and can also be used as long term storage. It is also used to protect and pad organs, insulate organisms, and help break down certain vitamins (fat soluble). ​

Liquid at room temperature, Oils.​

​Unsaturated

Solid at room temperature, such as butter, animal fats.​

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​Saturated

​Types of Fats

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Trans Fatty acids

S

​Cis Fatty acids

​Types of Fats

Multiple Choice

Which of this is NOT a function of fats?

• Protect organs

• Provide insulation

• Store energy

• Store genetic material

Monomer: Amino Acid

Polymer: Polypeptide​

As these chains of amino acids form, the chain folds and creates shapes.​

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​Proteins:

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​Function of Proteins

​Jobs to Perform

Proteins are long chains of amino acids that fold into shapes that do jobs. These jobs can be transporting materials, creating structures, and performing chemical reactions. The proteins that assist in performing chemical reactions are called ENZYMES.​

​Monomer:

Nucleotide (nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group)

Polymer: ​

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA​ - Ribonucleic Acid

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​Nucleic Acid

DNA/RNA/ATP​

​Function of Nucleic Acids

​Genetic Material and Batteries

DNA and RNA are two molecules that are the building blocks of genetic materials.

ATP is the molecule created by mitochondria to store and move energy throughout your body.​

Multiple Choice

Nucleic Acids do which of the following?

• Store genetic material and energy

• Insulate organs and store energy

• Provide structure and store genetic material

• Assist with chemical reactions and store genetic material

Match

Match the following

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Protein

Sucrose

DNA

Cholesterol

Polypeptide

• Sucrose

• DNA

• Cholesterol

• Polypeptide

Match

Match the following

• Carbohydrate Monomer

• Protein Monomer

• Nucleic Acid Monomer

• Lipid Monomer

monosaccharide

amino acid

nucleotide

glycerol & fatty acid

• monosaccharide

• amino acid

• nucleotide

• glycerol & fatty acid