Genetics Terms part 2

GENETICS TERMS PART 2

Multiple Choice

The genotype of an organism describes the

• codons that make up the genes
• number of gene's on the chromosmes
• genetic make-up of a trait
• type of chromosomes in the nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why children resemble their parents?

• they eat same foods
• they have similar DNA
• they speak the same language
• they have the same interests

Multiple Choice

Which term describes the different forms of a gene

• Chromosome

• Allele

• DNA

• Punnett Squares

Multiple Choice

Aa, DD, Bb, yy are all examples of _______

• genotypes

• phenotypes

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: AA?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: Aa?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

10. GREGOR MENDEL

• Called the “Father of Genetics” because he

used mathematics of probability to explain
genetics and trace traits through generations.

Multiple Choice

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of _________

• Modern Medicine
• Father of the Green Revolution
• Father of Genitics
• The Pea Plant Man

23. PROBABILITY

• Helps you predict the chance that

something will happen

Multiple Choice

Probability in genetics is expressed in

• equations

• fractions

• percentages

• whole numbers

16. HYBRID

• organism that receives different genetic

information from each parent

Multiple Choice

If something is heterozygous, it is also _____

• purebred

• hybrid

• dominant

• recessive

32. ZYGOTE

• The fertilized egg that has one set of alleles

from mom and one set from dad

Multiple Choice

When an ovum is first fertilized it is known as

• a nucleus

• an embryo

• a zygote

• a fetus

21. NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS

Sometimes traits are not inherited in a true
dominant/recessive pattern examples include:

❖Incomplete Dominance

❖Codominance
❖Multiple Alleles
❖Polygenic Traits
❖Sex-Linked Traits

17. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

❖a new phenotype

appears in the heterozygous
condition as a BLEND of the
dominant and recessive
phenotypes. Ex - Dominant Red (RR) + Recessive
White (rr) = Hybrid Pink (Rr)

RR = red

rr = white

Rr = pink

Multiple Choice

When one allele is not dominant over another, resulting in a blended phenotype for heterozygous offspring is considered....

• Incomplete Dominance

• Codominance

Multiple Choice

Radish color is an example of incomplete dominance, red and white are pure breeding colors. While heterozygous are purple.

Cross a red radish with a purple. It may help to draw a monohybrid cross

• 4 purple

• 1 red, 2 purple, 1 white

• 2 red, 2 purple

• 1 red, 1 purple, 2 white

3. CODOMINANCE

❖in the heterozygous condition, both alleles are expressed

equally with NO blending! Represented by using two
DIFFERENT capital letters.

❖Example - Sickle Cell Anemia: All Normal Cells (NN) + All

sickled cells (SS) = half normal/half sickle carrier (NS)

NN =
normal cells

SS = sickle cells
NS = some of
each

Multiple Choice

When one allele is not dominant over the other, resulting in both traits expressed in a heterozygous individual.....

• Incomplete Dominance

• Codominance

Multiple Choice

Some flowers are controlled by codominance. Red flowers (RR), blue flowers (BB) and Speckled flowers (RB).

Cross a red flower with a speckled flower. What is the phenotypic ratio? It may help to draw a monohybrid cross

• 2 red, 2 speckled

• 2 red, 2 blue

• 2 blue, 2 speckled

Multiple Choice

In cattle red coats are represented as RR, and white coats are represented as WW. Roan is a speckled red and white coat.

What is the genotype for Roan color? It may help to draw a monohybrid cross

• RR

• RW

• WW

20. MULTIPLE ALLELES

❖Sometimes there are more than two alleles present

in the gene pool for a gene. Ex – blood type consists
of two dominant and one recessive allele in humans
Allele A and
B are
dominant over
Allele O.

(NOTE: You still only
get TWO alleles!!!
One from mom and one
from dad)

25. RULES FOR BLOOD TYPES

❖The genotype is the same as the phenotype

A and B are co-dominant (Both show)
AA = type A
BB = type B
AB = type AB

A and B are both dominant over O (Regular
dom/rec)
AO = type A
BO = type B
OO = type O

MULTIPLE ALLELES: BLOOD TYPES

(A, B, AB, O)

Multiple Select

What are the 4 possible phenotypes for human blood type?

• Type A

• Type B

• Type BB

• Type AB

• Type O

Multiple Select

What 3 alleles are responsible for the phenotypic expression of ABO Blood types?

• I^A

• I^B

• I^D

• i

Multiple Choice

What pattern of non-Mendelian inheritance is shown by ABO blood group?

• Codominance

• Incomplete Dominance

• Multiple Alleles

• X-linked

27. SEX-LINKED TRAITS

❖Non-gender related genes

that are attached to the X
chromosome, but not
found on the Y
chromosome. (Women
have XX so they get two
of these genes. Men have
XY chromosomes so they
only get one copy.)

❖ examples: red-green

colorblindness,
hemophilia, muscular
dystrophy

Color blind test – what do you see?

SEX-LINKED TRAITS

A: 29, B: 45, C: --, D: 26
→ Normal vision

A: 70, B: --, C: 5, D: --
→ Red-green color blind

A: 70, B: --, C: 5, D: 6
→ Red color blind

A: 70, B: --, C: 5, D: 2
→ Green color blind

Multiple Choice

What is the inheritance of color blindness an example of?

• co-dominance

• continuous variation

• karyotype cross

• sex linkage

Multiple Choice

Are males or females more likely to be carriers for sex-linked traits?

• Males

• Females

• Both

Multiple Choice

Why can males not be carriers for many sex-linked traits?

• Because males are more affected by diseases

• Because males only have 1 X chromosome and whatever allele it carries is what they are (they can't be heterozygous)

• Because females can overcome diseases regardless of their genes

Multiple Select

Which of the following are sex chromosomes?

• X

• Pairs #1-22

• Y

Multiple Choice

Some flowers are controlled by codominance. Red flowers (RR), blue flowers (BB) and Speckled flowers (RB).

Cross two speckled flowers. It may help to draw a monohybrid cross

• 1 red, 2 speckled, 1 blue

• 2 red, 2 blue

• 2 blue, 2 speckled

• 1 red, 1 speckled, 2 blue

Multiple Choice

Radish color is an example of incomplete dominance, red and white are pure breeding colors. While heterozygous are purple.

Cross a red radish with a white. It may help to draw a monohybrid cross

• 4 purple

• 1 red, 2 purple, 1 white

• 2 red, 2 white

• 1 red, 1 purple, 2 white