Monotheistic Beliefs PP

​“Monotheistic Belief Systems”

​Christianity

​Where: Church

Holy Book: Bible

Day of the week: Sunday

Deity/Leader: God & Jesus

​Judaism

​Where: Synagogue

Holy Book: Torah

Day of the week: Saturday

Deity/Leader: God,Moses, And Abraham “Father of the Jewish People”

Multiple Choice

What day is holy for Christians?

• Sunday

• Saturday

• Friday

• Monday

Multiple Choice

What is a Jewish Church called?

• Synagogue

• Church

• Mosque

• Temple

​Torah

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The Hebrew Bible says the Israelites migrated to Egypt because of a drought and threat of famine.  At first, the Israelites were given places of honor in the Egyptian kingdom.  Later, however, they were forced into slavery.

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Israelites fled Egypt sometime between the mid-1400s BC to late 1200s BC.  Jews call this event “the Exodus”.  They remember it every year in the festival of Passover.

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According to the Torah, the man who led them to freedom was Moses.  It is told that at the time of Moses’ birth, the Egyptian Pharaoh felt threatened by the growing number of Israelites in Egypt, so he ordered all male babies to be killed.  Moses’ mother hid her baby boy in the reeds along the banks of the Nile.  There, an Egyptian princess found him and adopted him. Although raised in luxury, he never forgot his Israelite birth.  When God commanded him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt, he obeyed.

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A New Covenant was made between God and the Jews when Moses went up mount Sinai to pray. He returned from his prayers on the mountain holding two stone tablets upon which God had written the Ten Commandments.

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The Torah says that the Jews wandered in the Sinai Desert for 40 years.  Once they finally made it back to Canaan, they split into 12 tribes and created laws and sacred writings. 

Eventually, the 12 tribes would be united under King Saul, who was their first king.

Saul was succeeded by David (who defeated Goliath in battle).

Multiple Choice

What is the Jewish Exodus?

• Israelites fleeing Egypt

• Muslims fleeing Mecca

• The Exile of Muslims from Jerusalem

• The Christian persecution by the Romans

Multiple Choice

How many years did the Jews walk through the desert?

• 40

• 1

• 10

• 100

​Islam

​Where: Mosque

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Holy Book: The Quran

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Day of the week: Friday

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Deity/Leader: Allah/Muhammad is their Prophet

​Islamic Achievements

​For each slide, guess what area of achievement you think the image is depicting.  You will see the actual answers as we continue.

​#1

​■Number System:

–Islamic scholars borrowed Indian number system & spread it through Mediterranean

–“Arabic” numbers include groups of ten & concept of zero

•0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.

•I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, etc.

​#2

​■Algebra:

–Developed “Al-Jabar” (algebra) to solve difficult mathematical problems

–Substitute x, y, z for numbers in order to solve math problems

​#3

​■Chemistry:

–Islamic scholars were the 1st to separate chemical compounds from one another

–Led to developments in modern chemistry

​#4

​■Navigation:

–Astrolabe—sailors could reliably determine location by using the fixed position of stars

–Lateen sail—triangular sails allowed merchants to sail with and into the wind

​#5

​■Banking:

–Muslim caliphs created banks throughout the empire that extended credit to merchants

–Muslim trade grew because merchants could cash checks in any Islamic bank in the empire

​#6

​■Education:

–Scholars translated Greek, Persian, Indian, Arabic texts in the “House of Wisdom”

–This open-mindedness kept alive many Greek ideas that would have died otherwise

​#7

​■Art:

–Muslim artists used geometric & floral designs rather than painting people or animals

–Left very unique artistic style

–Calligraphy is a beautiful  writing style that shows honor for the written material

​#8

​■Chess:

–Indian game made popular by Muslims offered an intellectual challenge

​#9

​■Literature:

–Poetry considered to be greatest Islamic artistic style; usually sung & kept short

–Arabian Nights is a collection of folktales about a genie in magical lamp

​#10

​■Architecture:

–Muslims built beautiful mosques to show respect for Allah

–Used domes, columns, golden writing, & geometric designs

​■Crusades became a religious, economic, & political conflict

–Religious—defeat Muslims & retake holy lands, spread Christianity

–Economic—gain trade routes

–Political—unite Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity, prove Pope’s power

​Motivations for Crusades

​■Between 50,000-60,000 knights became Crusaders to defeat Muslims; came from present-day France, Italy, Germany, England, Scotland, Spain

■First Crusade—was only successful Crusade; claimed 400 miles of land from Edessa to Jerusalem in 1099; created 4 feudal states (Edessa, Acre, Triploi, Jerusalem), each ruled by a French noble

​■After the First Crusade, Muslims took back Jerusalem & Edessa, which led to more Crusades that the Muslims won

■Fourth Crusade—crusaders never fought Muslims but fought Byzantines; looted & burned Constantinople; these actions forever divided Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity