Adverb and adverbial phrases

​Adverb and Adverbial phrases

​adverb phrase

a group of words that often modifies a main clause in a sentence.​

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​While driving, they were attacked by thieves.

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​adverb phrase

​While they were driving, they were attacked by thieves.

​ adverb clause

Reducing adverb clauses with "be"

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Omit verb be​

When traveling, I call her a lot.​

​ when I am traveling, I call her a lot.

​Omit verb be for reducing adverb clauses

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​adverb phrase

​Reducing adverb clauses of time when it started with since, after, before and while.

After ​ they visited Paestum, they Greens drove south.

adverb clause​

​After visiting Paestum, the Greens drove South. (adverb phrase)

​Having opened the door, they saw the blood. Adverb phrase.

​ After they had opened the door, they saw the blo0d.

​ How can we reduced this adverb clause?

​Use on/upon for reducing an adverb clause that starts with WHEN

​ When they realized what happened, they pulled to the side of the road.

​Upon/On realizing what had happened , they pulled to the side of the road.

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Multiple Choice

Before we left, we visited Rome.

• Before leaving, we visited Rome.

• leaving, we visited Rome.

• Before we leaving, we visited Rome

Multiple Choice

After they had investigated, the police identified the killers.

• After having investigate, the police identified the killers.

• After having investigated, the police identified the killers.

• the subject is not the same in both sentences.

​Adverbial phrase

​ An adverb phrase without a subordinating conjuction .

​While sitting on the porch, I thought about my future. (adverb phrase)

Multiple Choice

While sitting on the porch, I thought about my future.

• Sitting on the porch, I thought about my future.

• Sit on the porch, I thought about my future.

​Changing adverb clauses of reason

Omit the subordinating conjuctions because, since or as at the beginning of a clause.​

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Omit the subject

​Omit verb be

Multiple Choice

Because the children were sleeping in the car, they were not aware of what was happening.

• Sleeping in the car, they were not aware of what was happening.

• Sleep in the car, they were not aware of what was happening

Multiple Choice

Since they were angry, they decided to do something about the problem.

• angry, they decided to do something about the problem.

• being angry, they decided to do something about the problem.

​You can change a present or past perfect verb in an adverb clause to having + past participle in an adverbial phrase.

​Because they had been moved by the situation, people became organ donors.

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​Having been moved by the situation, they became organ donors. (adverbial phrase)

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Multiple Choice

Because, I have been to Bari, I hope to return.

• Having been to Bari, I hope to return.

• been to Bari, I hope to return.

​You can change a clause containing a passive verb to an adverbial phrase with a past participle only.

Multiple Choice

Since I was given two options, I chose the harder of the two.

• Given two options, I choose the harder of the two.

• was given two options, I chose the harder of the two.

Multiple Choice

Since they were accused by the police, they had to appear on the court.

• Accused by the police, they had to appear on the court.

• Were accused by the police, they had to appear on the court.