WHI.5 Greece: Greek Wars

​WHI.5d

Greek Wars

​Trojan Persian Peloponnesian

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​The Trojan War: A recap

The story of the Trojan war is told through the Iliad, an oral epic poem by Homer. The Mycenaeans attacked the city state of Troy because Prince Paris "kidnapped" the Mycenaean queen Helen. The Mycenaeans (and Greeks) win the war by gifting the Trojans a wooden horse. Unfortunately for the Trojans, the Greeks were hiding inside. They escaped the horse in the night and slaughtered Troy. The hero of the story is the Greek demigod Achilles.

Multiple Choice

Why did the Mycenaeans attack Troy

• They needed more land

• Paris kidnapped a queen

• Troy tricked the Greeks

• Troy was plotting against the Mycenaeans

Multiple Choice

How did the Mycenaeans defeat the Trojans

• With a wooden horse as a gift

• With their ships

• With the phalanx technique

• They didn't win

Multiple Choice

Who was the demigod hero of the Trojan War

• Hercules

• Achilles

• Paris

• Medusa

Multiple Choice

Who wrote the story of the Trojan War in his epic poem the Iliad?

• Achilles

• Odysseus

• Paris

• Homer

​The Persian Wars

​Greek city states unite against a common enemy

​The Issue at Hand

​Persia invades Greek city-states.

Greek city states were all independent of one another. But when Persia invaded the Greek city states of Ionia, the city states started to help one another. Athens helped the city states on Asia Minor who wanted it. *Some city states were okay with Persia because they were tolerant of people they conquered.

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Multiple Choice

What city state started to help other Greek city states after the Persians began to invade?

• Sparta

• Athens

• Troy

• Marathon

​The Unexpected Victory

Persia made its way to the Greek mainland on the Balkan Peninsula. The city state of Marathon was fearful of the Persians as were the rest of the Greek city states​. Athens, once again, came to help the city state. Even with the two city states united, most everyone thought it was a definite loss. However, the Greeks won!!! It was such a miracle, they sent a professional runner 26.2 miles from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news. His name was Pheidippides. Once he arrived, he shouted "Nika" or victory. And...then he died.

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Today, the marathon race is 26.2 miles as a result.​ of this famous run!

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Marathon, unexpectedly?

• Persia

• Greece

Multiple Choice

Who ran 26.2 miles from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of victory, yelled Nika, or victory, and then died?

• Homer

• Achilles

• Hercules

• Pheidippides

Who: Sparta Vs Persia

​Type: Land Battle (mountain pass of Thermopylae

It started out with thousands of Greek soldiers against the Persian 10,000 immortals. They are called immortals because when one died, there was always someone there to replace him.

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300 Spartans stayed behind and offered to defend Greece while the rest of the Greeks returned home to protect their city state. All 300 of the Spartans died in battle.

​Battle of Thermopylae

Multiple Choice

Which Greek city state stayed behind at Thermopylae to protect Greece and give the other city states more time?

• Athens

• Marathon

• Sparta

• Troy

Multiple Choice

What were the Persian soldiers called?

• 10,000 Helots

• 10,000 Immortals

• 10,000 Mycenaeans

Multiple Choice

Who fought in the final showdown at the Battle of Thermopylae

• Athens and Sparta

• Athens and Marathon

• Sparta and Persia

• Athens and Persia

Who: Athens Vs Persia​

​Type: Sea/Naval battle

Athens defeated Persia in a naval (sea battle) in the Strait of Salamis. They rammed the front of their ships into the Persian ships. This made Persia retreat, or go back home.​

​Battle of Salamis

Multiple Choice

Who fought in the Battle of Salamis?

• Athens and Sparta

• Athens and Marathon

• Sparta and Persia

• Athens and Persia

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Salamis?

• Athens

• Marathon

• Sparta

• Persia

​Why were the wars with Persia important to the development of Greek culture?

• The Persian Wars united Athens​ and Sparta against an external enemy: Persia

• Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea

• Athens preserv​ed its independence and continued innovations in government (democracy) and culture.

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The Peloponnesian War was caused, in part, by competition for control of the Greek world.​

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Athens started to control other city states, saying they were better because they defeated Persia. This turned into a war between city states!

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As a result, there was a slowing of cultural advancements and weakening of political power. It also opened up Greece to invasion.

​Athens (Delian League)

Vs

Sparta (Peloponnesian League)​

Multiple Choice

Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?

• Athens (Delian) Vs Persia

• Sparta (Peloponnesian League) & Persia

• Athens (Delian League) & Sparta (Peloponnesian League)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Peloponnesian War?

• slowing of cultural advancement

• weakening of political power

• made Greece vulnerable to invasion

• Athens controlled all of Greece