Experience Chemistry Lesson 4.1.2Kinetic Energy in Solids&Liquid

​Lesson 4.1.2: States of Matter-Solids and Liquids

Multiple Choice

Pressure is equal to force divided by what

• area

• mass

• time

• distance

Fill in the Blanks

What pressure does a 4000N horse exert on the ground if each foot is 10cm²?

Multiple Choice

A force of 225 N is applied to an area of 75 m². What is the pressure?

• 3 Pa

• 16'875 Pa

• 5 Pa

• 0.33 Pa

​Kinetic Energy and Particle Motion

• As the temperature of a substance increases, energy is transferred to the particles in the substance

  • Motion of the particles increase

• Three types of particle motion

  • Translational Motion: a body shifts from one point to another

  • Rotation Motion: A body spins around a fixed point

  • Vibration: A body moves back and forth, but stays in a fixed location​

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

​Kinetic Energy and Particle Motion

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

​Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

• Fluid: any substance that flows/conforms to the shape of a container

  • Includes both liquids and gases​

• Intermolecular forces in liquids are stronger than in gases

  • The kinetic energy of gas is stronger than the intermolecular forces

    • Dispersion

    • Dipole Interactions

    • Hydrogen Bonds

  • Liquid particles experience some force that pulls them together​

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

Multiple Choice

This type of particle movement involves a particle spinning around a fixed point

• Translational

• Rotational

• Vibration

Multiple Choice

This type of particle movement involves a particle moving from one location to another

• Translational

• Rotational

• Vibration

Multiple Choice

This type of particle movement involves a particle staying in one place while shaking

• Translational

• Rotational

• Vibration

​Solids and Attractive Force

• In Solids, Particles are packed closely together

  • Have strong intermolecular forces and bonds

  • are arranged orderly

• Particles in solids only vibr​ate

• Four Types of Solids

  • Molecular

  • Ionic

  • Metallic

  • Covalent Network​

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

​Molecular Solids

• Made up of molecules, held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces

• Tend to be soft and have low melting points

• Don't Conduct Electricity

• Examples

  • Ice crystals

  • Sucrose (Table Sugar)

  • Sulfur

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

​Ionic Solids

• Made up of ionic bonds

• Are tightly arranged in a crystal lattice pattern

• Have a strong attraction

  • High melting points

  • Hard to break

• Do NOT conduct electricity in the solid state

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

​Metallic Solids

• Made up of Metallic bonds

• Exact properties depend on the arrangement of the valence electrons

• Have somewhat strong bonds, but not as strong as ionic

  • Not as tightly arranged as ionic

• Conduct Electricity

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

​Covalent Network Solids

• Long network of atoms held together by covalent bonds

• Have the highest melting points of solids

• are very hard

• Some conduct electricity

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

Reorder

Arrange the types of solid from weakest to strongest bonds.

• Molecular Solids

• Metallic Solids

• Ionic Solids

• Covalent Network Solids

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

This type of Solid involves ionic bonds and has high melting points

• Ionic Crystal

• Covalent Network Crystal

• Metallic Crystals

• Covalent molecular crystals

Multiple Choice

This type of Solid involves Valence Electrons and Metals

• Ionic Crystal

• Covalent Network Crystal

• Metallic Crystals

• Covalent molecular crystals

Multiple Choice

This type of Solid involves covalently bonded atoms

• Ionic Crystal

• Covalent Network Crystal

• Metallic Crystals

• Covalent molecular crystals

Multiple Choice

This type of Solid involves covalently bonded molecules

• Ionic Crystal

• Covalent Network Crystal

• Metallic Crystals

• Covalent molecular crystals

​Structures of Solids

• Most Solid substances are crystalline

  • Crystal: arrangement of particles into an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern

    • Arranged in groups of Unit Cells

      • The most basic shape a crystal can take

      • The unit Cell Repeats to make a more complicated pattern

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

​Structures of Solids

• Amorphous Solids: lack an ordered internal structure

  • Have an indefinite melting point and can exist in a semi-liquid state and be molded into a desired shape at high temperatures

  • Serve as semiconductors​​

  • Examples: Rubber, glass, plastic

Experience Chemistry | Lesson 4.1.2

Multiple Choice

True or False: Most Solids are amorphous

• True

• False