Georgia & The Civil War

​Union Blockade of the CSA

• In the antebellum (pre-war) period, the South's main economic​ activity was based on cotton production and sales

  • Sales both domestically & internationally

• Abraham Lincoln did not want to have a long & expensive war, so Union General Winfield Scott suggested a blockade around southern coasts which came to be known as "The Anaconda Plan"

  • If the south could not sell cotton, they could not purchase weapons from European countries

  • The southern economy would experience inflation and shortages and the Confederate Army could not fight a war without weapons

• At first, Confederate blockade runners were able to get through, but the Union began to occupy or destroy important port cities.

  • This tactic became very successful​

Georgia Studies​

Unit 5a Georgia & the Civil War​

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about the Union blockade of the CSA?

• The blockade did not have much of an effect on the South

• The blockade caused inflation and shortages of manufactured goods in the South

• The blockade led the Confederacy to form an alliance with Great Britain

• The blockade hurt the North the most since their factories relied on cotton and agrarian products from the South

Multiple Choice

The South needed to keep their ports open during the war to ship cotton to Northern factories in exchange for supplies and weapons.

• TRUE

• FALSE

​​The Battle of Antietam

​The Bloodiest Day of the Civil War

• ​This battle was the first to take place in Union Territory (9-17-1862), in Maryland

• Fighting only took place when there was daylight, so this battle lasted around 12 hours

  • In this time there were over 22,000 ​casualties (almost 2,000 per hour)

    • Casualties in war include soldiers that are wounded, captured/missing, or killed

• There is no clear winner of this battle, but it did inspire President Lincoln to create the Emancipation Proclamation hoping to give the South an excuse to surrender and to end the costly war

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Unit 5a Georgia & the Civil War

​The Emancipation Proclamation

​"... all persons held as slaves within any states... [where] the people [are] in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

• In the first year of the Civil War, the Confederate Army was doing much better that Lincoln and many other​s believed they could/would

• After receiving reports of the number of casualties at the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln wanted to try to peacefully end the war, so he issued The Emancipation Proclamation which provided two options for the Confederate States

  • ​Agree to surrender by January 1, 1863, rejoin the Union, and be allowed to continue using slavery

  • Refuse to surrender, and all enslaved persons in the Confederate States would be freed from enslavement

    • Enslaved people in non-Confederate states would remain enslaved

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War ​

​The Emancipation Proclamation

​"... all persons held as slaves within any states... [where] the people [are] in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

• The Confederacy did not accept this offer because they had been winning and believed they may be able to win the Civil War

• When fighting began, Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union, but the South's refusal to accept this document shifted the focus of the Civil War

  • The Union's focus became to free all enslaved people in the South

  • European countries who had abolished slavery no longer wanted to trade with a country (CSA) that refused to free the enslaved

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War ​

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements BEST describes the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

• President Lincoln publicly endorsed (supported) abolition of slavery in the South

• It immediately freed enslaved people across the entire country

• Formerly enslaved men could join the U.S. Army

Multiple Choice

Which statement is completely true about the Emancipation Proclamation?

• The Emancipation Proclamation freed all enslaved people in the U.S.

• It gave Confederate states an option to surrender or all enslaved people in the CSA would be freed

• The Emancipation Proclamation freed all of the enslaved in only the Confederate states

• None of the answers are correct

​The war comes to Georgia

• By late 1864, the Civil War had been going on for 3 years and many in the North had grown weary of continued fighting

• The Battle of Gettysburg in July 1864 had turned the tide of the war towards the Union, but Abraham Lincoln needed a big victory in the South to help him win re-election

• Lincoln's top Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman devised a plan to target Atlanta

  • It was the 2nd most important city in the Confederacy behind the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia

• ​Atlanta had factories and was a railroad hub that stocked and provided weapons and supplies to Confederate troops

  • Taking out Atlanta's factories its' rail lines would cripple the Confederates and cause them to surrender​

GA Studies

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War​

Multiple Choice

Which statement BEST addresses the purpose of Sherman's focus on Georgia?

• Sherman's troops were in desperate need of shoes and ammunition; they went to GA to seize these items from the factories there

• Sherman was sent to GA to disrupt Confederate transportation systems & anything that could help the CSA Army

• Sherman was sent to GA to intercept Union Army plans that had fallen into the hands of spies

Multiple Choice

The Union victory at Atlanta gave it complete control over Confederate rail lines in the south and set the stage for Sherman's March to the Sea.

• TRUE

• FALSE

​Battle of Chickamauga

• Union & Confederate forces had fought at Chattanooga, Tennessee

  • The Union won and marched into north Georgia

• The two sides fought again in Chickamauga, and this time the Confederates won

  • They chased the Union Army back to Chattanooga BUT they did not continue to push them farther north which turned out to be a costly mistake

• This "mistake" by the CSA allowed Gen. Sherman to bring more Union troops to TN to set up for his Atlanta Campaign & to capture the Western and Atlantic Railroad

  • A campaign is a focused plan/strategy to win​

GA Studies

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War​

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Chickamauga?

• The Confederate Army (CSA) south

• The Union Army (USA) north

Multiple Choice

How did the victory at Chickamauga lead to the eventual capture of Atlanta?

• The battle was the final battle between the Union and Confederacy; When the Union won this battle, they won the war

• The battle was the final battle between the Union and Confederacy; When the Confederacy won this battle, they won the war

• Once Chattanooga was defended and securely in Union hands, it was used as the launching point for the Siege of Ft. Sumpter

• Once Chattanooga was defended and securely in Union hands, it was used as the launching point for Sherman's ATL Campaign

Multiple Choice

The Battle of Chickamauga was the largest and bloodiest battle fought in Georgia?

• TRUE

• FALSE

​​Andersonville Prison

• The Confederacy built a prison camp in Andersonville, GA to hold captured Union soldiers

• This outdoor camp was designed to hold a maximum of 10,000 soldiers

  • At its peak use, 30,000 soldiers were held

• Over 13,000 prisoners died at Andersonville

  • Contaminated single water source

  • Lack of food & supplies due to blockade & Sherman's March

  • Spread of disease

  • Exposure to the elements (outdoor prison)​

GA Studies

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War​

Multiple Choice

What purpose did Andersonville serve?

• It was a prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers

• It was a prison camp for captured Union soldiers

• It was a camp for captured or runaway slaves

Multiple Choice

The conditions at Andersonville Prison were so nice that the commander of the camp was given an award by the government.

• TRUE

• FALSE

​The Atlanta Campaign

• ​Atlanta was an important city for the Confederacy

  • Factories produced supplies for the Confederate Army

  • Western & Atlantic rail lines out of the city connected ​to other major cities in the Confederate states

• Sherman ordered his troops to:

  • Destroy any buildings that could produce/provide supplies or make money for the Confederacy

  • Damage rail lines to make them inoperable

  • Tear down telegraph lines to cut off communication

• More than 30% of the city was burned & this win helped Lincoln's reelection efforts

Georgia Studies

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War

​Sherman's March to the Sea

• ​After successfully taking the city of Atlanta, General Sherman set his sights on the port city of Savannah

• Sherman's 50,000+ troops marched nearly 300 miles southeast using the "Total War" tactic used in Atlanta

  • Destroy any/all money-making facilities (factories, stores, cotton gins)

  • Take whatever food or resources needed for the troops

  • Scare citizens (psychological warfare to hasten surrender)

• To preserve the city from the same damage caused in Atlanta, the city of Savannah surrendered to General Sherman in late December 1864

  • Sherman sent a letter to President Lincoln offering him the city of Savannah as a "Christmas present"

Georgia Studies

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War

Multiple Select

Which reasons caused Sherman to refrain (stop) from burning Savannah?

• The city of Savannah surrendered

• He spared the city because it was the hometown of a friend

• He protected $28 million worth of cotton that could be sold

• The city was already burned when Sherman arrived

Multiple Choice

Which best describes Sherman's March to the Sea

• A series of battles fought between Chatanooga and Atlanta between Gen. Sherman and Gen. Lee

• The use of "Total War" tactics from Atlanta to Savannah to weaken the Confederacy

• The title of a book written by Abraham Lincoln after the war

​The End of the Civil War

• Sherman's ATL Campaign & March to the Sea weakened the Confederacy significantly

  • Total War & the blockade prevented supplies from reaching the Confederate Army

• In April of 1865, four months after the end of Sherman's March, Confederate General Robert E. Lee was forced to surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, Virginia

• After four years of fighting and approximately 620,000 casualties, the war was finally over

• Unfortunately, President Lincoln would only have five days to celebrate this victory and begin making plans to pull the country back together before his assassination​

Georgia Studies

Unit 5a Georgia & The Civil War