Cell Structure and Function

​Cell Structure and Function

​Cell Types

​Prokaryotes

​Eukaryotes

​Two main categories

​Cell Types

​Prokaryotes

​

• ​Prokaryotes are the “first” cells

• They are very simple in structure.

• They are single celled organisms. (i.e.. Unicellular)

• They are very small cells.

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

• Their genetic material (DNA) is a ring shape.

• Most prokaryotic cells move by using flagella or cillia.

• Example: Bacteria​

​Cell Types

​Eukaryotes

​

• ​Eukaryotic cells are very complex

• They are either single celled or multi -cellular organisms

• They are large celled compared to prokaryotes.

• They have nucleaus which contains genetic information (DNA)

• They have many membrane bound organelles to carry out cell functions

• Examples: animals, plants, fungi and protists​

Multiple Choice

What are the two cell types?

• Nucleus and atoms

• Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Multiple Choice

TRUE or FALSE: Prokaryotic cells are very complex.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

TRUE or FALSE:

Most prokaryotic cells move by using flagella or cilia.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not an example of eukaryotic cell?

• animal

• bacteria

• plant

• fungi

​Cell Membrane

​The cell membrane is the security guard of the cell.

• It’s job is to:

  • Hold the cell together

  • Control what enters and exits the cell

​Cytoplasm

​The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the empty space inside the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

​Nucleus

​The nucleus is the control center of the cell.  

• It contains genetic information with the directions for creating all cell parts and carrying out all cell functions.

• The nucleus contains the nucleolus.

Multiple Choice

It holds the cell together and it controls what enters and exits the cell.

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the central control of the cell?

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following fluid that fills the empty space inside the cell membrane between the plasma membrane and the nucleus?

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• All of the above

​Mitochondria

​The mitochondria are the power plants of the cell.

• The job of the mitochondria are to:

  • Create energy for the cell

  • Carry out cellular respiration

  • Contain a special kind of DNA

​Endoplasmic Reticulum

​There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

• Rough ER – contains ribosomes

• Smooth ER – no ribosomes

• The ER is the highway of the cell.

• The job of the ER is to:

  • Move molecules around the cell

  • Provide a home for ribosomes

​Ribosome

​The ribosome is the assembly line of the cell.

• The ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis (where proteins are made).

Multiple Choice

It is the sites of of protein synthesis.

• Lysosome

• Ribosome

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Mitochodria

Multiple Choice

TRUE or FALSE: Endoplasmic Reticulum is the main road of the cell.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

• Smooth ER and Rough ER

• Right ER and Left ER

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the power plant of the cell

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Ribosome

• Lysosome

​Lysosome

​The lysosomes are the janitors of the cell.

• They have digestive enzymes that are used to break down cells or cell parts that are old or damaged.

• They are also used to get rid of invading bacteria and viruses.

​Golgi Body

​The golgi body is the post office of the cell.

• The golgi body can also be called the golgi complex or golgi apparatus.

• The golgi’s job is to:

  • Package molecules and label them to be transported

  • Send molecules where they need to be

​

​Centrioles

​The centrioles are a pair of log shaped structures that help a cell during cell division.

​

Multiple Select

TRUE or FALSE: The golgi body can also be called the golgi complex or golgi apparatus.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

Which of the following is TRUE about the lysosome?

• They are the post office of the cell.

• They have digestive enzyme that are used to break down cells or cell parts that are old or damaged

Multiple Choice

It serves as the janitor of the cell

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Cenrioles

• Golgi Body

• Lysosome