ICT Computing Lesson 4 - Networks

ICT Computing
Lesson 4:

Computing Network

Objectives

• 1.4.1: Define “network,” and give examples of networks used at home, school and work.

• 1.4.2: Compare types of networks, including LAN, WAN, MAN, VPN, intranet, extranet, the Internet.

• 1.4.4: Compare various network models and their advantages, including client/server, mainframe/terminal, peer-to-peer.

• 1.4.5: Compare various methods and media for network connections, including broadband, wireless, Bluetooth, cellular, satellite.

• 1.4.6: Describe the functions of various network hardware devices, including NIC, hub, switch, router, bridge, gateway, access point.

• 1.4.7: Describe the purpose of protocols, and identify the protocols commonly used in networks, including TCP/IP, DHCP, DNS, HTTP, FTP, IMAP, POP, SMTP.

• 1.4.8: Describe the purpose and function of IP addressing, and distinguish between public and private IP addresses.

Key Terms

• Define the term “computer network.”

• List three different types of network hardware

• Describe how the client/server network model works

• List the requirements for connecting to a network

• Distinguish between a hub and a switch

• Describe each layer in the OSI model

Essential Questions – points to ponder

Link to Learn More:
•To see a visual depiction of networking’s evolution, visit: A Brief History
of Computer network Technology

Two or more computers are connected to form a network

Network

Multiple Choice

a group of computers confined within a small geographical area:

• local area network

• wide area network

• virtual private network

• computer network

Multiple Choice

a secure tunnel that provides access to an internal network across a public network such as the internet.

• local area network

• wide area network

• virtual private network

• computer network

Multiple Choice

connects two or more LANs together

• local area network

• wide area network

• virtual private network

• computer network

Network Types

Network Type

Description

Best use
Local area
network (LAN)

A group of connected computers
confined within a small geographic
area
LANs can range in size and scale
based on their use

Examples include a home network, a
school's network or a small office's
network
Many homes and businesses use
wireless local area networks (WLANs)
to provide wireless connectivity
within a small geographic area

Metropolitan area
network (MAN)

Designated for a network connection
within a large city or multiple small
cities
A MAN is much larger than a LAN
because it covers a large geographic
area

MANs are commonly operated by
local governments or private
companies

Wide area
network (WAN)

The largest network type
Connects two or more LANs together
A WAN is typically owned and
maintained by the owner of the LANs
that it connects
The largest WAN in existence is the
Internet

Large corporations that span
multiple cities, states or countries

Different types of networks are categorized by their size and scale (ability to grow). Take a look at the table below
to see a quick and easy way to compare three network types. What kinds of networks to you interact with daily?

• Intranet: designed for a companies employees to share internal
information
• Can not be accessed by anyone without company permission and a
user/password assigned by the company

• Extranet: similar to a Intranet, but is usually designed for the
companies customers to also access

• Virtual Private Network: secure networks designed to allow access to
a specific group of people

Types of Networks

A network topology
is the physical
layout of a
network. Different
devices and cables
are used to create a
topology. Each
topology has a
different purpose.
How the network is
designed to share
information

Network Topology

Multiple Choice

which network is used to share information to employees only

• intranet

• extranet

• internet

• VPN

Clients are all connected to a server, or multiple servers
• Client: end user’s computer – processes the information
• Server: a powerful computer that stores information and processes
requests from the connected clients


file sharing


print sharing


e-mail

Client / Server Network Model

Mainframe computer runs all programs directly on the mainframe

Terminal: an access point to the mainframe that provides a connection for
a keyboard, mouse and monitor


Is not an actual computer and cannot process the information

Mainframe / Terminal Network Model

Peer to Peer Network Model

• Clients are attached to each other to share files or printers
• There is no server

As we have seen, using a network has many benefits from file sharing
to security. Here is a list of what is required for connecting to a
network:

• Computer(s) — desktop, notebook, tablet, mobile device
• Operating system — Windows, Linux, Mac OS, mobile OS
• Network media — wired or wireless connections
• Network hardware — physical hardware connecting computers
across the network
• Network protocol — the set of rules defining how the computers on
the network will communicate

Requirements to Connect to a Network

Multiple Choice

every computer functions as a client and a server. This model is used to share files

• peer-to-peer

• client / server

• mainframe / terminal

Network medium is the method
and material used to connect
computers to one another in a
network

Network Hardware

Network Hardware

Network Hardware consists of the physical devices that connect computers on a network together

Multiple Choice

Which network device sends data to every device that is connected to it?

• modem

• switch

• router

• hub

Network protocols: Rules for connecting and
transmitting information

Network protocols: Rules for connecting and
transmitting information

Multiple Choice

Which protocol is used to connect to the internet?

• TCP / IP

• SMTP

• IMAP

• POP

Multiple Choice

Which protocol is used to send outgoing email?

• TCP / IP

• SMTP

• IMAP

• POP

• Standardize the way that computers communicate with one another
• Divides a computer’s communication into seven layers
• Link to understand how two computers communicate through the OSI model

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

Flow
Information
OSI Model

Multiple Choice

What is the largest type of network?

• LAN

• MAN

• WAN

• VPN

Multiple Choice

Which device is used to connect LANs to each other

• router

• switch

• VPN

• hub