DNA vs RNA

Pick up the DNA half-sheet from the front table.

Today:
●Warm Up

●Unit 6 Lesson 2 Notes

●DNA LAB

●Kahoot Review

WARM UP

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?

• Double stranded (double helix)

• contains ribose

• made of amino acids

• contains Uracil

Multiple Choice

Where is DNA located inside the cell?

• The ribosome

• The nucleus

• The nuclear membrane

• The cell wall

Multiple Choice

What is the name of 5-carbon sugar in DNA?

• Monosaccharides

• Amino Acids

• Deoxyribose

• Phosphate

Multiple Choice

What are the 4 DNA nitrogen bases?

• adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine

• adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine

• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol

• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose

Draw

Draw a DNA strand

Multiple Choice

What enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA molecule in the replication process?

• Helicase

• Lactase

• DNA polymerase

• Amylase

Multiple Choice

What enzyme is responsible for adding free floating nucleotides to the original strand of DNA in the replication process?

• Helicase

• Lactase

• DNA polymerase

• Amylase

Two strands

(double helix)

The nucleus

Deoxyribose

Adenine, Thymine
Cytosine, Guanine

A pairs with T
C pairs with G

Helicase

DNA Polymerase

UNIT 6

LESSON 2

DNA vs

RNA

Proteins are responsible for nearly every task of cellular life, and they are way more
diverse in structure and function than the other classes of macromolecules.

●A single cell can contain
thousands of proteins,
each with a unique
function.

DNA TO PROTEIN

DNA provides all the information needed to assemble proteins, but DNA cannot leave the
nucleus.

●In order to make the proteins necessary for survival, we need the help of RNA!

HOW ARE PROTEINS MADE?

DNA VS. RNA

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids made up of
nucleotides, but they differ in the type of sugar
they contain, as well as their nitrogenous bases,
and number of strands.

Type of sugar:
●DNA - Deoxyribose

●RNA - Ribose

Nitrogen bases:
●DNA - Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

●RNA - Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Number of strands:
●DNA - Double-stranded

●RNA - Single-stranded

Multiple Choice

A nucleotide from DNA and RNA are shown in the image, what is the difference between them regarding the sugars involved?

• DNA and RNA have the same sugar

• DNA has a ribose sugar while RNA has a deoxyribose sugar

• DNA and RNA have no sugar

• DNA has a deoxyribose sugar while RNA has a ribose sugar

Multiple Choice

Which is TRUE about RNA.....

• It can be found in the nucleus and cytoplasm

• It uses the following 4 bases: cytosine, guanine, thymine, and adenine

• It is a double helix

• It contains the same sugar as DNA

Multiple Choice

Which nitrogenous bases are found in RNA?

• cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine

• cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil

• adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

• thymine, adenine, uracil, cytosine

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG

• ATG TGA CAG

• TAC ACT GTC

• GTA AGT GAC

• CAT TCA CTG

Explanation Slide...

​Remember

DNA & RNA IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

The cell uses the vital DNA “master plan” to prepare RNA “blueprints”.

●The DNA molecule remains within the safety of the nucleus, while RNA molecules go
to the protein-building sites in the cytoplasm – the ribosomes.

There are 3 types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.

1.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

2.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

3.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

TYPES OF RNA

MESSENGER RNA (mRNA)

mRNA carries copies of DNA instructions (for the assembly of amino acids into proteins)

from the DNA to the ribosomes.

Made in the nucleus.

RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA)

rRNA makes up the major part of ribosomes, which is where proteins are made.

Made in the nucleolus.

TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

tRNA transfers (carries) amino acids to ribosomes as specified by codons in the mRNA.

TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

Transfers (carries) amino acids to ribosomes as specified by codons in the mRNA. (CODON is 3 nucleotides (bases))

Anticodons are complementary to mRNA codons and code for specific proteins.

Next time- MAKING PROTEINS

Protein synthesis is the process through which cells make proteins.

●Proteins are polymers made up of monomers called amino acids.

●The amino acid sequence, or polypeptide chain, is determined by nucleic acids.

1.Transcription – Converts DNA to RNA
2.Translation – Converts RNA to PROTEIN

There are two steps to make a protein:

DNA Strawberry Extraction LAB