Energy Unit Vocab

Energy

Heat Transfer Vocabulary

ConductionTOUCHING ConductionTOUCHING ConductionTOUCHING

The movement of heat energy through direct contact is called ConductionTOUCHING

Dictionary Definition: the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

Student Definition: The transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another by direct contact (touching)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of conduction?

• Feeling the heat from the fireplace in the living room

• Frying an egg on a hot pan on the stove

• Walking upstairs in a building and feeling extra hot

• Ice cream cone melting in the park on a sunny day

Convection Convection Convection

The movement of heat energy through liquids and gases is called convection.

Dictionary Definition: the process in which heat moves through a gas or a liquid as the hotter part rises and the cooler, heavier part sinks.

Student Definition: the movement (transfer) of heat energy through fluids liquids and gases.

Warm, light air rises and cold, dense air sinks

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why a hot air balloon floats?

• The heated air expands to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now lighter than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise.

• The heated air expands to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now heavier than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise.

• The heated air contracts to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now denser than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise.

• The heated air contracts to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now lighter than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise.

Convection cell convection cell convection cell

When hot and cold gases or liquids mix the
rising and sinking case movement called
convection cells.

Dictionary Definition: The movement that occurs
when density difference exist within a body of
liquid or gas.

Student Definition: The movement of hot (rising) and cold (sinking) fluids (liquid or gas)

Multiple Choice

Analyze the image. What could explain why certain parts of the ocean have warmer temperatures?

• the uneven heating of the Earth's surface

• the rising of cold air and the sinking of warm air

• hurricanes

RaYdiation raYdiation raYdiation

Radiation travels in waves of tiny particles.

Dictionary Definition: heat energy sent out in the form of
rays

Student Definition: transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves in open space

Multiple Choice

The heat from a lamp allows a lizard to remain warm. This is an example of which type of heat transfer?

• radiation

• conduction

• convection

• insulation

Electromagnetic electromagnetic electromagnetic

Radiation is the transfer of
heat through electromagnetic
waves.

Dictionary Definition: the
energy of radiation

Student Definition: the way radiation travels through open space.

How is his marshmallow cooking?

His marshmallow is cooking by ______. I
know this because the _________ are
heating the marshmallow up.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following answer choices is NOT an example of thermal transfer convection?

• Lava lamp rising and sinking

• Hot air balloon ride elevating for take off

• Hot water rising in the oceans, cold sinking

• Feeling the warmth from a fireplace

Heating and Cooling

Conductors and insulators

Heating

Heating Heating Heating

When heating matter objects will
expand.

Dictionary: The form of increased
kinetic energy of its molecules,
thus resulting in an increase in
temperature of the system.

Student: To make something hot or
warm

Multiple Choice

Why do materials expand when they are heated?

• The particles get bigger

• The particles move around more and take up more space

• The particles get closer together

• The particles stick together

Cooling

Cooling Cooling Cooling

When cooling matter objects will
contract.

Dictionary: The form of decreased
kinetic energy of its molecules,
thus resulting in an decrease in
temperature of the system.

Student: To make something cold or
cool

Multiple Choice

What state of change is is occurring?

• Condensation

• Freezing

• Melting

• Boiling

Conductor conductor conductor

A good conductor is a material that
heat can move through easily.

Dictionary: is an object or type of
material that allows the flow of
electrical current in one or more
directions.

Student: a material that transfers
heat from one object to another.

Table Talk: With your table
talk about how these
materials make good
conductors

These metal pots and pans
make good conductors because
____.

The copper tea kettle is a
good conductor because _____.

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why many car motor parts are made from metal

instead of plastic?

• Metal can withstand heat better than most plastics.

• Plastic is more expensive than metal.

• Plastic is less flexible than metal.

Insulator insulator insulator

Wood and plastic are good
insulators.

Dictionary: A material that
allows little or no heat,
electricity, or sound to go
into or out of something

Student: a material that
reduces or tries to stop the
transfer of heat.

●Poor conductor!

Table Talk: Look at the pictures below:
Discuss at your table what you see.

I see _______________

If you were running in Deer Park, which bench
would you choose to sit on? Why?

I would sit on ________ because _____.

Multiple Choice

What are insulators

• Insulators stop the transfer of energy. They slow down the energy and make it difficult for it to pass through the object.

• Insulators help the transfer of energy but make it difficult to pass trough the object

• Insulators help with the flow of electrical energy

Expand expand expand

When most objects are
heated they expand, or
become bigger.

Dictionary: to increase in
size, range, or amount: to
become bigger.

Student: to become bigger.

Table Talk: If I added heat to the
following objects what would happen
to them?

When I add ____ water to the ____
because _________.

The first balloon ______Expand,
because _______.
The second balloon _____exapnd,
because _______ is being ______ and
the molecules are moving and
spreading out

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why

a full glass bottle of water

should not be stored in a freezer?

• The temperature of the freezer will make the water too cold.

• Water expands when it freezes, and could break the bottle.

• Water contracts when it freezes, and could break the bottle.

• The temperature of the freezer will not make the water cold.

Contract contract contract

When most objects cool they contract, or get smaller.

Dictionary: To become smaller

Student: To become smaller

Table Talk:

Contraction and expansion happen together..look at the picture and
talk to your table about what allows them to expand and contract.

There is a _____ in the railroad tracks so that they have to
_____ and ______.

Poll

A student fills a bicycle tire with air on a very hot day. The next day, the temperature drops and it is much cooler. The student notices that the bicycle tire is almost flat. What best explains why the tire is flat?

• The cooler temperature caused the air in the tire to contract, making the tire appear flat.

• The cooler temperature caused the air in the tire to expand, which put a hole in the tire, causing it to go flat.

• The cooler temperature caused the air in the tire to freeze, making the tire flat.

• The cooler temperature caused the metal part of the bicycle to expand, putting a hole in the tire and making it go flat.