Benchmark Review, Atoms & Periodic Table

Benchmark Review

Atoms & PeriodicTable

What is matter made of?

• Matter is made from small particles called Atoms.

• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintain the properties of that element.

• Atoms are made from smaller particles called Subatomic Particles.

• 3 Subatomic particles are Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Parts of an Atom

• ​The nucleus is located in the center of an atom.

• Protons are positively charged subatomic particles located in the nucleus.

• Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus with the protons.

• Electrons are negatively charged and are located outside of the nucleus in energy shells.

Multiple Select

Neutral atoms must have the SAME number of which subatomic particles? (choose all that apply)

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Electrons

Multiple Select

Check all that are correct about an electron.

• Electrons are positive

• Electrons are negative

• Electrons are inside the nucleus

• Electrons are outside the nucleus

• Electrons are very small

Multiple Choice

Which statement is correct?

• Neutrons are located outside the nucleus and have a positive charge.

• Neutrons are located inside the nucleus and have a positive charge.

• Neutrons are located inside the nucleus and have no charge.

Multiple Choice

Which statement is correct?

• Protons are located outside the nucleus and have a positive charge.

• Protons are located inside the nucleus and have a positive charge.

• Protons are located outside the nucleus and have no charge.

What is the Periodic

Table?

◼ The Periodic Table is an arrangement of the

elements based on properties.

Picture from www.chem4kids.com

◼ Elements are in order by atomic number.

◼ Important information can be determined

based on an element's location on the table.

What is the Periodic Table?

• ATOMIC NUMBER = number of PROTONS

• PROTONS = ELECTRONS

• A​TOMIC MASS = PROTONS + NEUTRONS

• NEUTRONS = ATOMIC MASS - PROTONS​

​

​

​What's on each Square?

​

• Columns in the table are called GROUPS or FAMILIES​.

• There are 18 groups.

• Elements​ in same group have similar properties

  *Same group =

  Similar properties

​

​Groups (Families)

​

​Groups (Families)

​

• Elements in Group 1 (Alkali Metals) are the MOST reactive.

• Elements in Group 18 (Noble Gases) are non-reactive because they have a full outer shell.​

​

• The rows (going across) are called PERIODS.

• There are 7 periods.​

​Periods

​

​

***As we move from top to bottom

atomic number increases.

• Atomic number = # of protons

• Therefore, an atom with a higher atomic number will have more protons.

  *Important Reminder: Elements in same row(period) may have totally different properties.

​Periods

​

​

Multiple Choice

Based on the location of Potassium (K) and Carbon (C), which of the following statements is a true comparison of the elements?

• Carbon is a metal and Potassium is a non-metal.

• Carbon is more reactive than Potassium.

• Potassium has more electrons in its nucleus than Carbon.

• Potassium has more protons in its nucleus than Carbon.

Incorrect because:

Potassium is on left side, so its a metal and Carbon is on right side and is a non-metal.

Explanation for last question: READ!!!

Incorrect because:

Potassium is in Group 1, which are the MOST reactive elements, therefore Carbon can't be more reactive than Potassium.

Incorrect because:

Potassium's atomic number is higher than Carbon's so it does have more protons. More protons = more electrons.

HOWEVER, electrons are NOT in the nucleus.

Correct because:

Potassium's atomic number is greater than Carbon's atomic number, so it does have more protons AND protons ARE located in the nucleus.

Multiple Choice

Elements in the periodic table are arranged by

• atomic mass and electrons

• number of neutrons and color

• atomic number and properties

• how they react with metals

Multiple Choice

Use your periodic table for this question. In which period is the element Sodium (Na) located?

• 3

• 1

• 11

• 23

Multiple Choice

Where in the periodic table are the most reactive metals found?

• Period 1

• at the bottom

• groups 13-16

• Group 1

Multiple Choice

Where should you look on the periodic table to find an element that has similar properties to those of Boron(B)?

• element to the left of Boron

• in the same Period as Boron

• in the same Group as Boron

• element to the right of Boron

Multiple Choice

Which two elements have properties that are the most similar?

• Li and Na

• Li and Be

• Ca and Sc

• Na and Mg

• Similar elements will be in SAME GROUP!!! (column)

• Elements in same period may have totally different properties.

• ​**Even if they are next to each other, they may be totally different because they have different number of valence electrons!!!

• Nothing else matters!!...just that they are in the same group!!

Explanation for last question:

READ!!!

Multiple Choice

If your company made a machine part out of the element Berylium (Be), but they ran out of Berylium, and asked you to make it with a similar metal, which of the following elements would be the best choice?

• Radium

  ( Ra )

• Lithium

  ( Li )

• Boron

  ( B)

• Sodium

  (Na)

Multiple Choice

What is atomic number?

• number of protons + number of neutrons

• number of protons

• number of neutrons

• same as group number

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number of Carbon(C)?

• 6

• 12.011

• 12

• 5

Multiple Choice

How many protons does Carbon have?

• 6

• 12.011

• 12

• 5

Multiple Choice

Where would the element with atomic number 9 be placed on the periodic table?

• above neon

• below neon

• to the left of neon

• to the right of neon

• Recall that an element's reactivity depends on how many valence electrons it has.

• If it does not have a full outer shell, it will react with other elements to get what it needs.

• The Noble Gases, Group 18, is the only group of elements that have a complete outer shell, which means they are unreactive, which makes them reliably stable.

The significance the Noble Gases

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are true of the Noble Gases.

• They are unreactive.

• The do not have a complete set of valence electrons.

• They are stable.

• They have a complete set of valence electrons.

• Recall that an element's reactivity depends on how many valence electrons it has.

• If it does not have a full outer shell, it will react with other elements to get what it needs.

• The Noble Gases, Group 18, is the only group of elements that have a complete outer shell, which means they are unreactive, which makes them reliably stable.

The significance the Noble Gases