Semester Review

John Smith

• Helped to write the Mayflower Compact

• Established a colony for Quakers

• Taught the colonists how to farm

• Was a minister in Massachusetts

• Established Plymouth Colony for Religious Freedom

The American Indians were fighting to maintain control of their land and their cultural future. The French claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley. They wanted to trade with the American Indians and control the area. The British also claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley. As a result of the British victory in the French and Indian War, France was effectively expelled from the New World. They relinquished virtually all of their New World possessions including all of Canada.

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The French and Indian War

After the French and Indian War

​Great Britain was in debt after the war. To raise money the British Parliament chose to enforce taxes on the colonists because the war was fought protecting the colonists boarders.

1. Tea Act 1763

2. Sugar Act 1764

3. Stamp Act 1765

4. Townshend Acts 1767

"No taxation without representation"

The colonist were angry at the British government for imposing taxes on the colonies without representation. They began to protest. One of the ways they protested was to form a group called "The Sons of Liberty" and then to throw tea into the Boston harbor. The colonist felt like the British did not respect them.

After the war the colonist needed a new set of guidelines. Some weaknesses to the Articles were the government had little power and could not levy taxes. The Articles of Confederation was replaced with the Constitution. the Constitution's purpose was to create a more perfect government.

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Articles of Confederation

The Declaration of Independence included-

• a list of grievances

• a preamble

• a formal declaration

The main author was Thomas Jefferson.

The Declaration of Independence

The Mayflower Compact, originally titled Agreement Between the Settlers of New Plymouth, was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It allowed the colonist to make laws as needed.

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The Mayflower Compact

• Federalist supporter

• Fourth
  President of the United States

• "Father of the Constitution"

James Madison

The Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolutionary War and brought peace to America. The Treaty of Paris gave the United States it's independence from Great Britain.

Treaty of Paris

The European Settlements 1750

Because of the location close to the water one of the main activities of the colonies was to fish. Also, physical geography of the Coastal planes was farm land and wetlands. But, the mid west region also had farming. Most of the colonists in the middle and southern colonies more likely would use wagons to transport their goods to market.

The US Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation. It's purpose was to create a more perfect government. People like George Mason argued that individual rights also needed to be added because the federal government would be strong. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to give specific rights to the American citizens.

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The US Constitution

Makes laws (Congress, comprised of the House of Representatives and Senate)

Legislative

​Carries out laws (president, vice president, Cabinet, most federal agencies)followed by citizens

​​Executive

Evaluates laws (Supreme Court and other courts)

Judicial

Through this system, each branch is given power to check on the other two branches. The President has the power to veto a bill sent from Congress, which would stop it from becoming a law. The purpose of checks and balances is to make sure one branch of government does not have more power than the others.

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Checks and Balances