Unit 8A Pt2 Test Review

Unit 8 - Test Review - Pt 2 -8.6-.11

Standards

HS- LS3-2: Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.

HS-LS3-3: Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.

Multiple Choice

(#6) 8.9 - How are genotypes and phenotypes related?

• Both determine differences in genetic makeup.

• Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed.

• Both determine the alleles individuals receive.

• Phenotypes determine the genotypes expressed.

Multiple Choice

(#2) 8.6 - A tall pea plant results from a dominant tall allele while the short phenotype results from two recessive alleles. What is the frequency of short offspring (mm) when a tall pea plant with one tall allele (Mm) is cross-pollinated with a short pea plant (mm)?

• 75%

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

(#9) 8.6 - A student is completing a Punnett square for a trait that the mother does not have, but the father does. If they had two children, a son and a daughter, what would the completed Punnett square look like (i.e., would the son have the trait, would the daughter have the trait)?

• Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait.

• Both children would inherit the trait.

• Both children would not inherit the trait.

• One child would inherit the trait and one child would not.

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Frequency: the # of times a trait is seen in a population

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Allele frequency refers to how common an allele is in a population. It is determined by counting how many times the allele appears in the population then dividing by the total number of copies of the gene.

Multiple Choice

(#8) 8.9 - A garden contains 40 flowers, 30 of which are red. What is the frequency of red flowers?

• 1.0

• 0.25

• 0.5

• 0.75

Multiple Choice

(#10) 8.9 - In a moth population, 47 are brown, 15 are yellow, and 34 are black. What is the approximate probability of a moth being black? (Round your answer.)

• 49%

• 16%

• 2%

• 35%

Horses have 3 basic colors: Bay, Black or Chestnut and all these colors are controlled by the interaction of 2+ (multiple) genes.

This type of coat color is a type of polygenic inheritance called epistasis.

Epistasis is a circumstance where the expression of one gene is modified, masked, inhibited or suppressed by the expression of 1+ other genes.

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Multiple Choice

(#4) 8.9 - Horses have three basic coat colors: chestnut, bay, and black. All the colors are controlled by the interaction of two genes. Other combinations of the alleles of these genes plus mutations of others result in many possible coat colors and patterns in horses.

Coat color in horses is an example of which type of inheritance?

• Mendelian inheritance

• dominant inheritance

• polygenic inheritance

• recessive inheritance

Multiple Choice

(#7) 8.6 - Do mutations in body cells contribute to genetic variation?

• No, the causes of body cell mutations are outside the body and cannot alter DNA.

• Yes, these body cell mutations lead to mutations in the gametes.

• No, the mutations cannot be passed to offspring and only affect the individual.

• Yes, the mutations can be passed on to offspring and contribute to variation in the population.