STA 7th Earth & Space Science Semester Review!

Multiple Choice

You are measuring the weight of a car, What unit would you use to measure it?

• kilogram (kg)

• gram (g)

• centigram (cg)

• milligram (mg)

Multiple Choice

You are buying a family sized container of apple juice from the store. What is the unit of measure that you would see on the label?

• kiloliter (kl)

• dekaliter (dal)

• liter (l)

• deciliter (dl)

Multiple Choice

You are measuring the length of an ant. What unit of measure would you use?

• hectometer (hm)

• meter (m)

• centimeter (cm)

• millimeter (mm)

Multiple Choice

Convert:

6 m is the same as ___ cm

• 60

• 600

• 0.6

• 0.06

Multiple Choice

Convert:

28 g is the same as ____ hg

• 280

• 2,800

• 2.8

• 0.28

Multiple Choice

What temperature scale do we use in the metric system?

• Fahrenheit

• Celsius

• Kelvin

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for density?

• density = mass x volume
• density = mass / volume
• density = mass + volume
• density = mass - volume

Multiple Choice

Jack has a rock. The rock has a mass of 14 g and a volume of 2 cm³. What is the density of the rock?

• 7 mL

• 7 g/cm³

• 28 g/cm³

• 1/7 g/cm³

Multiple Choice

Frank has a liquid. It has a mass of 6 g and a volume of 9 mL. What is its density?

• 3 g/mL

• .66 g/mL

• 1.33 g/mL

• 54 g/mL

Multiple Choice

You have a graduated cylinder that has 30 mL of water in it. You put a rock in it and it raises to 42 mL. You know the rock has a mass of 10g. What is its density?

• 0.83 g/cm^3

• 0.83 g/g

• 0.83 cm^3/g

Multiple Choice

Julie is colleting information about the physical properties of a rock. She puts water in a graduated cylinder. Then she puts the rock into the cylinder. What information can Julie collect from the graduated cylinder?

• the rocks mass

• the rocks temperature

• the rocks texture

• the rocks volume

Multiple Choice

Which liquid is the least dense?

• oil

• water

• syrup 

• plastic bottle

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of Object X?

• 10.0 cm³

• 15.0 cm³

• 20.0 cm³

• 25.0 cm³

Multiple Choice

Density is...

• the amount of mass in an object

• the amount of space an object takes up

• the amount of mass in a given space

• the weight of an object

Multiple Choice

Anything that has mass and takes up space is called

• volume volume

• matter

• magnetism

• electricity

Multiple Choice

What is calculated by multiplying
 l x w x h?

• mass

• weight

• volume

• grades

Multiple Choice

An experiment generally tests how one _________ is affected by another.

• Variable

• test

• scientist

• option

Multiple Choice

The more times that an experiment is repeated and the same results obtained, the more likely the results are _________.

• better

• observed

• valid

• used

Multiple Choice

A(n) ____________ is a special type of scientific investigation that is performed under controlled conditions.

• experiment

• lab

• inquiry

• hypothesis

What's the process?

• ‌OBSERVE Something

• Research or Infer to formulate a Hypothesis

• Design a Procedure to test that hypothesis

• Conduct an experiment and record data

• Analyze the Results

• Draw a Conclusion and communicate the results

Multiple Choice

Rene grew bacteria from the mouth on special plates in the laboratory.  She placed drops of different mouthwashes on bacteria on each plate.

• recognize a problem
• test the hypothesis with an experiment
• form a hypothesis   
• draw conclusions

Multiple Choice

Johathan’s data showed that household cockroaches moved away from raw cucumber slices.

• recognize a problem

• test the hypothesis with an experiment

• form a hypothesis

• draw conclusions

Multiple Choice

Susan said, “If I fertilize my geranium plants, then they will blossom faster.”

• recognize a problem

• test the hypothesis with an experiment

• form a hypothesis

• draw conclusions

Multiple Choice

Stephen predicted that seeds would start to grow faster if an electric current traveled through the soil in which they were planted.

• recognize a problem
• test the hypothesis with an experiment
• form a hypothesis
• draw conclusions  

Multiple Choice

Jose saw bats catching insects after dark. He asked, “How do bats find insects in the dark?”

• ask a question

• test the hypothesis with an experiment

• form a hypothesis

• draw conclusions

What are variables?

• ‌A Variable is anything that changes.

• The variables compared in the problem statement are the INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT variables.

• The IV is what is changed at the beginning of the experiment.

• The DV is what changes BECAUSE of the IV

• Example 1: What is the effect of the change in the length of daylight on the leaf color of deciduous trees?T

IV vs. DV

• ‌INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:

• ‌A variable YOU MANIPULATE or CHANGE at the BEGINNING of the experiment.

• The different variations of the IV are called the LEVELS of the IV.

• DEPENDENT VARIABLE:

• The Variable that changes as a result of the independent variable.

• The Variable that is measured and recorded.

Constants & Control

• IN ANY EXPERIMENT, YOU MUST CONTROL AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

• ‌Constants are variables that DO NOT CHANGE through the entire experiment. It is something that MUST REMAIN THE SAME!

• The Control is one of the levels of the IV.

• It is the group that is used TO COMPARE TO THE RESULTS FOR EACH LEVEL OF THE IV. 

Multiple Choice

A scientist is testing the impact of light and dark on the moth behavior by turning a light on and off. The DEPENDENT variable is...

• amount of light

• moth behavior/their reaction

• number of moths

Multiple Choice

Diego wants to know how drinking milk affects how tall Dora grows. Which is the independent variable?

• Drinking milk.

• Diego's growth.

• Dora's growth.

• Chocolate or plain milk.

Multiple Choice

What is the INDEPENDENT variable (cause)in this experiment?

"Which type of metal, copper or aluminum, conducts heat faster?"

• size of metal

• types of metal

• time it takes to heat up

• shape of the metal

Multiple Choice

What is the DEPENDENT variable (effect) in this experiment?

"Does eating breakfast improve test score?"

• eating breakfast or not

• the grade you got on the test

• what time you get up in the morning

• what you eat for breakfast

Multiple Choice

Using your senses to gather information is called an _____?

• observation

• inference

• question

Multiple Choice

Explaining or interpreting the observations is called _____?

• observation

• inference

• question

Multiple Choice

An observation that has a number is called a _________ observation?

• quantitative

• qualitative

• inference

• observation

Multiple Choice

An observation that uses words without numbers or amounts is called a _________ observation?

• quantitative

• qualitative

• observation

• inference

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a qualitative observation?

• The cat weighs 34 kg

• The clouds look grey and dark

• The girl can run 15 mph

• There are 50 states in the USA

Multiple Choice

Which observation is quantitative?

• It is 5 cm long

• It is smooth

• It looks red

• It is dry

Multiple Choice

The girl is folding her arms.

• Observation

• Inference

Multiple Choice

It's December.

• Observation

• Inference

Multiple Choice

There are 5 boys.

• Observation

• Inference

Multiple Choice

The Sloth is on a beach with palm trees.

• observation

• inference

Fill in the Blanks

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Multiple Choice

Most fossils are formed within which kind of rock?

• sedimentary

• metamorphic

• igneous

• they form equally in all types of rock

Multiple Choice

Click to enlarge. Study this carefully. Which fossil in the oldest?

• Fossil 1

• Fossil 2

• fossil 3

Multiple Choice

Which layer is the oldest?

• A

• F

• Can not be determined

• They are all the same age.

Multiple Choice

Which layer is the youngest?

• A

• F

• Can not tell

• They are all the same age.

Multiple Choice

If fossils in layer D are 100 million years old and in layer B they are 110 million years old, how old might are the fossils in layer C? Choose the best answer.

• 90 million years old

• 120 million years old

• 105 million years old

• 50 million years old

Geologic Time

How can we relate rocks to time?

Multiple Choice

The earth is ______________of years old

• Hundreds

• Millions

• Billions

• Trillions

Multiple Choice

The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?

• old geologists
• sweet geology music
• the known history of rocks and fossils
• a list of every living thing ever

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?

• all organisms become fossils
• organisms having soft body parts make up most of the fossils
• all organisms that have shells become fossils
• the fossil record is incomplete

Multiple Choice

Why is the fossil record incomplete?

• fossils get eroded away over time

• most organisms never became fossils

• scavengers and decomposers eat them too quickly

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

What Eon, Era, Period and Epoch are you living in today?

• Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary, Holocene

• Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous

• The Cambrian period

Multiple Choice

What are the fractions of time in order from LEAST to GREATEST?

• Epoch, Eon, Era, Period

• Eon, Era, Period, Epoch

• Period, Epoch, Eon, Era

• Epoch, Period, Era, Eon

Theory of Plate Tectonics

The lithosphere is broken into Tectonic Plates

• The lithosphere is made from the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle

• The lithosphere is rigid, brittle rock

• These plates float on the asthenosphere

How do the plates ACTUALLY MOVE?

• Convection currents in the asthenosphere drive the movement of lithospheric plates

How does a convection cell occur?

• Hot magma in the asthenosphere begins to rise, similar to the way hot air rises.

• As it rises to the top of the asthenosphere, it cools and becomes more dense.

• This cooler, dense magma then sinks again. As it sinks, it gets warmer, until the process begins again

• This movement of magma is what drives the plates to move.

Multiple Choice

Tectonic plates consist of

• continental crust

• mesospheric crust

• both continental and oceanic crust

• oceanic crust

Multiple Choice

Why did no one believe Wegener's thoery that the continents were once together?

• He could not explain HOW the continents moved

• He didn't have evidence

• His data was wrong

• He didn't use the right technology to gather data

Multiple Choice

The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by

• the rotation of the Earth

• convection currents in the Asthenosphere

• the gravity of the iron-nickel core

• the Moho discontinuity

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the Earth consists of tectonic plates?

• asthenosphere

• mantle

• mesosphere

• lithosphere

Multiple Choice

Tectonic plates “float” on

• the lithosphere

• the mantle

• the ocean

• the asthenosphere

Multiple Choice

The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of

• magnetic reversal

• global positioning

• continental drift

• oceanic drift

Multiple Choice

How does temperature change as you move from the crust to the core?

• it gets cooler
• it gets hotter
• it stays the same
• the core is frozen

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the earth is a pure liquid?

• crust
• mantle
• outer core
• inner core

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?

• crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
• mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
• crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

3 plate boundaries

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

Which boundary collides

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

Which boundary divides

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

Which boundary slides

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

What is the line (crack) called in the ground where 2 plates meet?

• Seafloor spreading

• Fault line

• Earthquake

Multiple Choice

What do we feel when plates move at a transform boundary?

• Tsunami

• Ocean waves

• Earthquake

Multiple Choice

What is a real life example of a transform boundary?

• Himalayan Mts

• Appalachian Mts

• Mid ocean ridge

• San Andreas Fault

Multiple Choice

Which statement is correct?

• Older rocks are located near the ridge where magma flows out

• Younger rocks are located near the ridge where magma flows out

Multiple Choice

What is formed at a convergent boundary when 2 continental crusts collide?

• Volcanoes

• Seafloor spreading

• Trench

• Mountains

Multiple Choice

What do we call it when the heavier, more dense plate sinks below another one?

• Submarine

• Subduction

• Gravity

What shapes the Earth

Weathering, erosion, and deposition are processes that act together to wear down and build up the Earth's surface.  These processes have occurred over billions of years.​

What is weathering?

• Weathering is a process that BREAKS DOWN rocks and creates sediments.

• Sediments refer to small pieces of rocks​.

• Two types of weathering: Chemical and Mechanical​.

Multiple Choice

What is Weathering?

• When it rains or snows.

• Process of breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.

• Process of moving small pieces of rocks.

• Process of laying down small pieces of rocks.

Multiple Choice

What types of weathering are there?

• Mental & Astronomical

• The rainy type

• Sedimentary & Metamorphic

• Chemical & Mechanical

Multiple Choice

What is a sediment?

• chemical reaction

• pollution

• tiny pieces of weathered rock

Multiple Choice

What type of weathering is it when acid rain breaks down and changes the rock.

• Chemical weathering

• Mechanical weathering

• Astronomical weathering

• Physiological weathering

Multiple Choice

Freezing water is expanding, causing the crack in the rock to widen (frost action). What kind of weathering is this?

• Chemical weathering

• Mechanical weathering

Rocks are recycled and created by three different processes.

Igneous rocks are created when rocks melt into magma then cool and harden

Sedimentary rocks are created when rocks weather into sediments that compact and cement together

Metamorphic rocks are created when rocks are exposed to lots of heat and pressure

IGNEOUS = MELT, COOL, HARDEN

SEDIMENTARY = WEATHERING, COMPACT, CEMENT

METAMORPHIC = HEAT and PRESSURE

Multiple Choice

Which rock forms when other rocks melt and then cool and harden?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which rock forms when other rocks weather into sediments that compact and cement together?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which rock forms when other rocks are exposed to heat and pressure?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which rock forms when other rocks melt and then cool and harden?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which rock forms when other rocks are exposed to heat and pressure?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which rock forms when other rocks weather into sediments that compact and cement together?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic