1st Semester Review

1st Semester

Physical Science Review

Theory, Law, NOS, Matter,

Ask a question

Research

Form Hypothesis

Create experiment

Collect Data

Determine if Hypothesis was supported or no

Share conclusion

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Steps do not have to occur in any particular order but they often begin with asking a question. A prediction is made to guess the outcome (hypothesis) of the experiment you plan to do. Research on the topic is conducted to help you find all the information out on the topic you are working on.

NOS - Finding out answers always begins by asking questions.

Atoms are the building block of all matter. Each element found on the Periodic Table is made of an individual type of atom like no other. The Periodic Table arranges elements by increasing atomic number and properties.

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​Atoms and Periodic Table

The atom is made up of a nucleus that is the "brain" of the atom.

The nucleus found at the center of the atom, is made up of particles called protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge that carries over giving the nucleus its positive charge. Protons give every atom its individual identity. The neutrons have no charge at all but does have a job in the atom.

Electrons are found in different areas or levels around the outside of the nucleus. The electrons have a negative charge.

Each element on the periodic table has the same number of protons and electrons.

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Parts of Atoms

Multiple Choice

A statement that tells what you are testing and the outcome you are wanting is better known as the

• Research

• Hypothesis

• Conclusion

• General Statement

Multiple Choice

The steps of the scientific method have to follow a certain order from start to completion.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The building block of all matter is the

• electron

• neutron

• proton

• atom

Multiple Choice

Electrons are arranged on the periodic table by increasing _______ and properties.

• proton

• atomic number

• chemical changes

• reaction rate

The periodic table has elements arranged by their increasing atomic number and by how they react with other elements. Elements are arranged in groups that are columns and this is for atoms that have similar properties to each other. There are 18 groups and each group has been given a name to be called by

Group 1 - Alkali Metals

Group 2 Alkali Earth Metals

Group 18 Noble Gases

Periodic Table / Groups

Elements are arranged by their increasing atomic number in rows called periods. Some rows have more elements than others. The atomic number increases by 1 as you move left to right across the row. There are 7 rows of periods. Elements on the left side of the period have a higher metallic property than the elements located on the right side of the same period.

Periodic Table / Periods

Acid is a kind of chemical compound that when dissolved in water gives a solution with H⁺ ion activity more than purified water. 

On the pH scale acids range from 6-1. The lower the number the stronger the acid is.

Bases neutralize acids by reacting to the hydrogen ions to form salts and water

Taste sour conducts electriicty

turns blue litmus paper red

Acid Base

A base is an aqueous substance that donates electrons, accepts protons or releases hydroxide (OH^-) ions. A base that dissolves in water is also known as an alkali.

On the pH scale, bases range from 8-14. The higher the number the stronger the base. Acids neutralize a base. f

Feel slippery turn red litmus paper blue

Taste bitter

​There are many acids and bases found in everyday household items.

Multiple Choice

The Noble Gases in Group 18 are the most stable elements on the Periodic Table.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Elements located in columns, numbered 1 - 18 and the elements have similar properties to all the other elements in that row are called _____.

• periods

• groups

Multiple Choice

Acids and bases are found in every day household items.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

An item that shows up on the pH scale as a 7 is

• an acid

• a base

• neutral - neither acid or base

• an item

Multiple Choice

The pH scale that is numbered 1-6 represents items that are classified as a

• base

• acid

• neutral

Multiple Choice

The stronger the acid, a base that is equal in strength will be needed to neutralize the acid.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Elements that are found in the same row increase in their atomic number by

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

The elements located on the left side of the period have higher metallic properties than those located on the right side of the period.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Items that have a pH number of 8-14 are said to be

• an acid

• a base

• neutral