Ch. 2 Chemistry comes alive

Ch. 2 Chemistry comes Alive!

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Poll

on what topics do you need further assitance?

• pH scale

• chemical bonds

• macromolecules

• no questions

States of matter

Solid: which has adefined shape and volume

Liquid: which has a changeable shape and a definite volume

Gas: which has both a changeable shape and volume

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Open Ended

How many states of matter are there?

substance present in large quantities, usually a liquid ex. water

​Solvent

substance that is being dissolved in a solvent (usually a smaller quantiy when compared to the solvent)Ex. salt

​Solute

solute vs solvent

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Open Ended

Give an example of a solvent

SOLUTIONS, COLLOIDS, AND SUSPENSIONS

Solution: the particles are very small so they are able to settle out ex. mineral water

Colloid: solute particles are larger, they scatter light but they do NOT settle out ex- cell's cytoplasm and Jell-O

Suspension: solute particles are very LARGE, settle out and may scatter light. Ex. blood's plasma

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• Chemical bonds

• break bonds to separate

• homogenous

​compounds

• No chemical bonds

• can be strained, filtered, evaporated

• Can be homogenous or heterogenous

​mixtures

mixtures vs compounds

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different types of bonds

Ionic bonds: transfer of VE from one atom to thet other, this gives birth to ions. Ex. Salts such as NaCl

Covalent bonds: formed by sharing 2 or more VE between 2 atoms

Polar covalent bonds:unequal sharing of 2 electrons (V shaped) ex. water

Non-Polar covalent bonds: equal shgaring of two electrons ex. CO2

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Open Ended

What type of covalent bonds is known by unequal sharing of electrons?

acids and bases and the ph scale

Acids are proton donors, they release Hydrogen ions

Bases are proton acceptors they pick up hydrogen ions

ALL neutral solutions are at a pH of 7

acids below 7 and bases above 7

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Open Ended

Are bases proton donors or proton acceptors?