ch 6 bones

ch 6: Bones

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types of cartilage

Hyaline cartilage 

Provides support, flexibility, and resilience 

Most abundant type; contains collagen fibers only 

Articular (joints), costal (ribs), respiratory (larynx), nasal cartilage (nose tip) 

Elastic cartilage 

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but contains elastic fibers 

External ear and epiglottis 

Fibrocartilage 

Thick collagen fibers: has great tensile strength 

Menisci of knee; vertebral discs 

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Open Ended

what cartilage

interstitial

​appositional

types of cartilage growth

​Cartilage-forming cells in perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage New matrix laid down on surface of cartilage

​Chondrocytes within lacunae divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within New matrix made within cartilage

compact bones and spongy bone

Compact bone: dense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid 

Spongy bone: made up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae 

Open spaces between trabeculae are filled with red or yellow bone marrow 

Gross Anatomy (Short, Irregular and Flat Bones) C

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structure of short, irregular, and flat bones

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​Consist of thin plates of spongy bone (diploe) covered by compact bone Compact bone sandwiched between connective tissue membranes Periosteum covers outside of compact bone, and endosteum covers inside portion of compact bone Bone marrow is scattered throughout spongy bone; no defined marrow cavity Hyaline cartilage covers area of bone that is part of a movable joint Gross Anatomy (Long Bone)

bone membranes

Membranes: two types (periosteum and endosteum) 

Periosteum: white, double-layered membrane that covers external surfaces except joints 

Fibrous layer: outer layer consisting of dense irregular connective tissue consisting of Sharpey’s fibers that secure to bone matrix 

Osteogenic layer: inner layer abutting bone and contains primitive osteogenic stem cells that gives rise to most all bone cells 

Contains many nerve fibers and blood vessels that continue on to the shaft through nutrient foramen openings 

Anchoring points for tendons and ligaments 

Endosteum 

Delicate connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface 

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Open Ended

how many bone membranes are there?

Poll

On what topic do you need further assistance?

• bone structure

• bone cells

• cartilage and bone growth processes

• no questions