CHAPTER 10-LESSON 1

THE ELECTION OF 1800

• Federalists supported President Adams for a second term and Charles Pinckney for vice president.

• Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr as his running mate.

• Neither Adams nor Jefferson traveled around the country to gather support – Many thought direct campaigning improper for a person who would be president.

• Each side made personal attacks against the other.

  • Federalists accused Jefferson, who believed in freedom of religion, of being "godless."

  • Republicans warned that the Federalists favored the wealthy and would bring back the monarchy.

Multiple Choice

#1

Who did Republicans nominate for President?

• THOMAS JEFFERSON

• JOHN ADAMS

THE VOTE IS TIED

• Under the Constitution, voters in a presidential election are really electing groups of people called electors. These electors meet in what is known as the Electoral College.

• There they cast the ballots that elect the president and vice president. Each state has as many electoral votes as it has members of Congress.

• At that time, the Constitution said that electors were to cast two ballots—without indicating which was for president and which was for vice president. The candidate with the most votes became president, and the candidate with the next-largest number of votes became vice president.

• In 1800, 73 electors cast their ballots for Jefferson and Burr. – The House of Representatives had to decide which candidate would become president.

• Because no one wanted to see another tie between a presidential and vice-presidential candidate, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution in 1803. From then on, electors cast one of their votes for president and the other for vice president.

Multiple Choice

#2

Which amendment was added to the constitution that made electors cast one of their votes for president and the other for vice president?

• 10th

• 12th

JEFFERSON AS PRESIDENT

• Jefferson believed a large federal government threatened liberty and that individual states could better protect freedom. He wanted to limit the power and size of the federal government.

• Jefferson:

  • reduced the national debt and cut down on military expenses.

  • limited the number of federal government workers to a few hundred people.

  • Got rid of most federal taxes = they only collected customs duties, or taxes on imported goods.

  • Under Jefferson, the government's income would come from customs duties and from the sale of western lands.

Multiple Choice

#3

Jefferson wanted to ______ the power of the national government

• LIMIT

• INCREASE

Multiple Choice

#4

WHICH ACTION BEST DESCRIBES JEFFERSON'S VISION FOR MAKING THE U.S. A GREAT NATION?

• He wanted to reduce debt by limiting federal workers and cutting military spending

• He wanted to increase the power of the national government by hiring more federal workers

JEFFERSO’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS

• “With all these blessings, what more is necessary to make us a happy and prosperous people? Still one thing more, fellow citizens – a wise and frugal government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, shalt leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement and shalt not take them from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government.”

Multiple Choice

#5

Based on the quote, which statement best describes Jefferson's beliefs about the proper role of the federal government?

• Government is critical to provide jobs

• Government should not interfere with citizens earning a living

JUDICIARY ACT OF 1801

• John Adams used this act, the Judiciary Act of 1801, to make hundreds of appointments during his last days as president.
  

• Adams blocked Jefferson from making appointments and made sure the Federalists controlled the courts.
  

• Adams's appointments could not take effect until these last-minute appointees, known as "midnight judges," received certain official papers, called commissions.
  

• When Jefferson became president, some of these appointees had not yet received their commissions. Jefferson told Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver them.

Multiple Choice

#6

Who was the Secretary of State?

• JAMES MADISON

• THOMAS JEFFERSON

POWER OF SUPREME COURT

• One of the appointees who did not get his commission was William Marbury.
  

• He asked the Supreme Court to force its delivery.

  • The Court said it did not have the jurisdiction (legal authority) to force delivery of Marbury's commission. 

• Chief Justice John Marshall established the three principles of judicial review:

  (1)The Constitution is the supreme law of the land

  (2)The Constitution must be followed when there is a conflict with any other law

  (3)The judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional. 
  

• Judicial review is a key check on the legislative and executive branches.

Multiple Choice

#7

Judicial review is a key check on the legislative and ______ branches

• EXECUTIVE

• JUDICIAL

Multiple Choice

#8

THE PRINCIPLES OF JUDICIAL REVIEW WERE ESTABLISHED IN WHICH CASE?

• Marbury v. Madison

• Plessy v. Ferguson

Match

Match Ch. 10 vocab words to their definition

• GOAL

• EMBARGO

• CUSTOMS DUTY

• SECEDE

something one is trying to accomplish

a blocking of trade with a certain country

tax collected on goods that are imported

to break from a nation

• something one is trying to accomplish

• a blocking of trade with a certain country

• tax collected on goods that are imported

• to break from a nation

Match

Match Ch. 10 vocab words to their definition

• JURISDICTION

• NEUTRAL RIGHTS

• NATIONALISM

• UNDERESTIMATE

the power to interpret and apply a law

freedoms that are granted to nations that do not choose a side in conflict

a strong sense of devotion to one's country

to judge something below its actual value

• the power to interpret and apply a law

• freedoms that are granted to nations that do not choose a side in conflict

• a strong sense of devotion to one's country

• to judge something below its actual value

Match

Match Ch. 10 vocab words to their definition

• AUTHORITY

• FRIGATE

• TRIBUTE

• RESTRICTION

• PURCHASE

the power to influence opinion and/or behavior

a fast, medium-sized warship

money paid to a leader or a state for protection

rule/regulation that limits something

act of buying something

• the power to influence opinion and/or behavior

• a fast, medium-sized warship

• money paid to a leader or a state for protection

• rule/regulation that limits something

• act of buying something