chem

AIr & Atmosphere

By:Erma,Weiheng,Pohseng

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(nitrogen) (oxygen) (argon) (carbon dioxide) (neon) (helium) (krypton) (hydrogen) (xenon) (Standard Dry Air)

Air is made up of  nitrogen and oxygen .

The rest are mostly argon ,carbon dioxide and water vapour .(noble gas)

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It does not include ,water vapor as it changes based on humidity and temperature.

1. Describe the volume composition of gases present in dry air as being approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and the remainder being noble gases (with argon as the main constituent) and carbon dioxide 

Standard dry air mainly composed of three gases

nitrogen (about 78%)

oxygen (about 21%)

argon (about 1%).

(99.96% of dry air.)

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some common atmospheric pollutants

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• Carbon monoxide

• Ozone

• Methane

• Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2)

• Sulfur dioxide

• Unburned hydrocarbons

• carbon monoxide

• nitrogen oxides

• sulfur dioxide

State the sources of these pollutants

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Carbon Monoxide

incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances

e.g. charcoal, wood and petrol

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• nitrogen oxides

• (lightning activity) (internal combustion)

• vehicle exhaust fumes 

• cheical plants

• lighting activity

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• sulfur dioxide

• (volcanoes)

• (combustion of fossil fuels)

• combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles

• power stations and factories

• volcanic eruptions

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Discuss some of the effects of these pollutants on health and on the environment

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• the poisonous nature of carbon monoxide

• the role of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the formation of ‘acid rain’ and its effects on respiration and buildings 

The poisonous nature of carbon monoxide

• carbon monoxide comes from the incomplete combustion of petrol in car engines . its effects on health Carbon monoxide is harmful because it binds to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing the ability of blood to carry oxygen. This interferes with oxygen delivery to the body's organs. The most common effects of CO exposure are fatigue, headaches, confusion, and dizziness due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain.

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The role of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the formation of ‘acid rain’ and its effects on respiration and buildings 

 acid rain is formed when acidic air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide reacts with water in the atmosphere . sulfur dioxide dissolves in water to form sulfurous acid H2SO3 as Oxides of nitrogen also cause acid rain as when both is in the presence of oxygen , sulfurous acid is slowly oxidised to sulfric acid ( H2SO4 ) and nitrogen oxide is converted to nitric acid . When both are released into thr atmosphere and react with water it will form acid rain

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acid rain reacts with metals and corbonates like marble and limestone and when this happens bridges and buildings are damaged.

Air pollution like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause respiratory diseases, or can make these diseases worse. Respiratory diseases like asthma or chronic bronchitis make it hard for people to breathe

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QUIZ TIME