Plants Review

Plants Review

Multiple Choice

4B Structures represented in the illustration are found in the lower epidermis of a plant leaf. The illustration at right shows the response to a certain environmental condition.

The response represented in the illustration would most likely be caused by —

• a reduced supply of oxygen

• long periods of rainfall

• high concentrations of glucose

• little available water

Plants Interactions Systems

● Plants vascular system
● Plants reproductive system
● Leaf structure
● Plants response to stimuli

How are Plants Classified

Of the 1.6 million species of organisms identified by scientist
approximately 350,000 are plants!

Kingdom plantae can be divided into 2 main groups

1.

Non-vascular

2.

Vascular plants (ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms)

Plants

Non-Vascular
Vascular

Bryophytes,Horn
worts, liverworts,
mossess

Vascular
ferns

Pinetrees,
Cycads,
Gingkos

Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

Flowering
plants

​Vascular

1. Non-Vascular Plants

●

Low growing

●

Get materials (food) from their surroundings

●

Have small root-like structures called rhizoids (help adhere to
their substrate)

●

Undergo asexual reproduction via vegetative propagation an
asexual reproduction using spores

●

Examples: Bryophytes, Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses

Non-Vascular Plants

Multiple Choice

Is this plant vascular or nonvascular ?

• Vascular

• Non Vascular

Multiple Choice

What anchors non-vascular plants to the surface they're growing on?

• Rhizoids

• Spores

• Roots

• Xylem

Multiple Choice

10B The internal transport of water and minerals in plants requires that two systems work together. Which diagram correctly describes how the two systems accomplish this?

2. Vascular Plants

●

Has a system of tubes (vascular system) (roots, steams, and leaves) to
transport materials (water, food (nutrients), minerals, and hormones
throughout the plant

●

System of tubes allows for these plants to grow TALL

Tubes called xylem and phloem

❏

Xylem moves water and minerals from roots to stems of leaves

❏

Phloem move food (nutrients) and hormones (Auxin, gibberellins) from
leaves to the rest of plant cells

●

Reproduce asexually through spores and vegetative propagation and
sexually though pollen and ovules

●

Examples: Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms

Vascular Plants Examples

Multiple Choice

Is this plant vascular or nonvascular ?

• Vascular

• Non Vascular

Multiple Choice

___________________ plants have true roots, true stems, and true leaves.

• Protist

• Vascular 

• Fungi

• Non-vascular 

Multiple Choice

These types of plants are able to grow taller because of the added support and faster nutrient transport of xylem and phloem.

• Seedless plants

• Vascular plants

• Seeded plants

• Nonvascular plants

Vascular System:carries materials all over the plant

Multiple Select

Vascular plants have: Select two answers.

• Rhizoids

• Spores

• Phloem

• Cones

• Xylem

Multiple Choice

Which structure in a plant carries food, nutrients, and hormones from the leaves to the rest of the plant?

• Cuticle

• Guard cells

• Bundle sheath cells

• Phloem

Shoot System

●

Above ground part of the
plant (stem/leaves/flower)

●

Includes the
photosynthetic and
reproductive part of plant

Root System

●

Underground (typically) part
of plant

●

Water and minerals absorption

●

Root hairs maxime surface
area= MORE water
absorption

Match

Match the following

• Shoot System

• Root System

• Xylem

• Phloem

Reproductive and photosynthetic part

Water and mineral absorption part

Carries water and mineral up the plant

carries nutrients and hormones down the plant

• Reproductive and photosynthetic part

• Water and mineral absorption part

• Carries water and mineral up the plant

• carries nutrients and hormones down the plant

Multiple Choice

10B Gibberellins are hormones produced in the root tips of plants. The plant uses these hormones to stimulate the growth of shoots.How are gibberellins able to affect other parts of the plant?

• Gibberellins are absorbed through the stomata and attach to chloroplasts.

• Gibberellins are transported through vascular tissues to other parts of the plant

• Gibberellins become concentrated within the tissues of the plant during mitosis.

• Gibberellins become modified once they infect healthy cells and are later released to infect other cells.

Multiple Choice

10B The internal transport of water and minerals in plants requires that two systems work together. Which diagram correctly describes how the two systems accomplish this?

Gymnosperms

●

Vascular plant

●

Seeds not enclosed in an ovule or fruit

●

The name (gymno-sperm) means “naked seed”

●

Typically refer as cofiners

●

Conifers bear male and female cones and have needle-like leaves

●

“Evergreen” plants (leaves stay green all year around)

●

Examples: pine trees, gingkos, and cycads

Gymnosperms Examples

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a gymnosperm?

• A nonvascular plant with roots, stems, and leaves.

• A low-growing nonvascular plant lacking true roots.

• A vascular plant that uses spores to reproduce.

• A vascular plant that uses pollen to produce seeds that are not enclosed in protective fruits.

Angiosperms

●Vascular plants

●Mature seeds are enclosed in a fruit or avuole

●Flowering plants that produce seeds and are either perfect or imperfect

●“Perfect” flowering plants have both female and male reproductive
structures

●“Imperfect” flowering plants have either ONLY male or female structures

●Also called hardwoods

●Have broad leaves that change color and drop during the fall and winter

Angiosperms Examples

Multiple Choice

Which type of plant has seeds that are encased in a protective fruit?

• Gymnosperms

• Conifers

• Angiosperms

• Horsetails

Multiple Choice

True or False: All flowering plants are gymnosperms.

• True

• False

Plant (flowering) Reproduction

Carpel/Pistil: (female parts of a flower)

These are the FEMALE parts of the flower

●

Stigma

●

Style

●

Ovary with Ovules

Multiple Select

The female reproductive structure is called ....Select two answers

• stamen 

• style 

• pistil 

• filament 

• Carpel

Multiple Choice

Which parts are included in the carpel

• Sepal, stem, ovary

• Anther, filament

• Petal, receptacle

• Stigma, style, ovary

Carpel/Pistil: Stigma

Sticky part of the female
reproduce organ that
receives pollen

Multiple Select

Top of the pistil which catches the pollen grains

• ovary

• style

• stigma

• ovule

Carpel/Pistil: Style

Long tube that connects the
stigma to the ovary. Pollen
tube grows through it to
fertilize ovules

Multiple Choice

The stalk connecting the ovaries and stigmas.

• filament

• pistil

• style

• anther

Carpel/Pistil: Ovary with Ovules

Contain and protect ovules.
When fertilized, ovules
become seeds (plant baby).
Ovaries become fruit to
protect the seed

Multiple Choice

What part of the flower will turn into a seed?

• ovary

• anther

• ovule

• filament

Match

Match the following

• Stigma

• Style

• Ovary/Ovules

• Name for female parts of flower

Sticky part of flower that receives pollen

Long tube in pistil that connects stigma and ovules

Contain and protect embryo (seed)

Carpel/pistil

• Sticky part of flower that receives pollen

• Long tube in pistil that connects stigma and ovules

• Contain and protect embryo (seed)

• Carpel/pistil

Stamen (male Parts of Flower)

Multiple Select

The male part of the flower

• corolla

• pistil

• stamen

• calyx

Stamen: (male parts of a flower)

These are the MALE parts of the flower

●

Anther

●

Filament

Multiple Select

Male reproductive parts of a plant....Select two answers.

• stigma

• ovary/ovules

• filament

• style

• anther

Stamen: Anther

Produce pollen grains
through meiosis

Multiple Select

what is the name of the part where the pollen is found?

• Anther

• stamen

• ovule

• calyx

Stamen: Filament

Thin stalk that
supports the anther

Multiple Select

what is the name of the following parts?

• 1-Anther 2-Filament

• 1-Filament. 2-Anther

• 1-Flower 2-Root

• 1-Ovule 2-Anther

Other Parts of a Flower

Other flower parts

●

Sepals- Outer leaf-like part of the
flower

●

Stem- Supports the flower

★

Petal- Colorful flower structures
that attract pollinators

●

Receptacle- all flower parts attach
here

Multiple Select

which part of the plant is used to attract insects for pollination?

• roots

• stem

• leaves

• petals

Multiple Choice

10B Several structures work together to allow flowering plants to reproduce. The diagram shows a typical flower.

Which table correctly identifies the function of each structure or group of structures in the reproduction of the plant?

Open Ended

10B: A corn plant produces both male and females flowers. The male flower forms the tassel and the female flower forms the ear of corn. The silks that emerge from the ear are the stigma of the female flower. Each silk leads to an ovule that can become a corn seed. What must happen for the corn seeds to develop on the ear?

Structure of a leaf

Cuticle

●

Waxy outer layer of a leaf that helps keep water in

●

Thicker on the top of the leaf than on the bottom

Multiple Choice

The waxy covering of a leaf is called ...

• stem 

• angiosperm 

• cuticle 

• petal 

Epidermis

●Upper layer of tissue that is transparent to allow sunlight in

●There's an “upper (top) epidermis and a “lower” bottom epidermis

Stomata

●

Openings in the leaf that exchange gas, taking in carbon dioxide and
releasing oxygen

Multiple Choice

The important gases, carbon dioxide and oxygen, enter and leave the leaf through the

• upper epidermis

• phloem

• stomata

• guard cells

Bundle Sheath Cell

●

Surround xylem and phloem to make a vein

Xylem

●

Vascular tissue that carries water and minerals from roots to leaves

Multiple Select

What does xylem transport around the plant? Select two answers.

• water

• hormones

• minerals

• gases

• nutrients

Phloem

●

Vascular tissue that carries food (nutrients), and hormones from
leaves to the rest of the plant

Multiple Select

What does phloem transport around the plant? Select two answers.

• water

• hormones

• minerals

• gases

• nutrients

Multiple Choice

Xylem and Phloem are both __.

• Transpiration

• Absorption

• Photosynthesis

• Vascular tissue

Spongy Mesophyll Layer

●

Located below palisade layer

●

Has air spaces and guard cells

●

Air spaces- Contain carbon dioxide that the plant needs, and oxygen
that the plant creates

●

Guard cells- a pair are around each stomata, control the opening and
closing of stomata

Spongy Mesophyll Layer, and Guard Cells

Spongy Mesophyll Layer, and Guard Cells

Multiple Choice

Which structures open and close stomata to allow gas exchange but prevent water loss in leaves?

• Epidermis

• Vascular tissue

• Guard cells

• Spongy mesophyll

Palisade Mesophyll layer

●

Contains majority of chloroplasts

Multiple Choice

Most of the chloroplast cells are found in the

• upper epidermis

• pallisade mesophyll layer

• lower epidermis

• stomata

Plant Tropisms

Plant Tropisms

Tropism is the plant’s ability to respond to different stimuli

There are 4 types of plant tropisms

❏ Gravitropism/Geotropism
❏ Phototropism
❏ Hydrotropism
❏ Thigmotropism

Gravitropism/Geotropism

●

A tropism in which a plant responds to gravity

●

Roots grow positively while stems/trunks grow negatively

Multiple Choice

Roots of a new plant grow down. This is an example of _______

• Phototropism

• Gravitropism

• Thigmotropism

• Hydrotropism

Phototropism

●

Plants grow positively in the direction of sunlight or move toward
sunlight after grown

Multiple Choice

A plant's leaves turned toward the light. This is an example of _______.

• Phototropism

• Gravitropism

• Thigmotropism

• Hydrotropism

Hydrotropism

●

A plant’s roots grow toward the direction of water (positive tropism)

Multiple Choice

This allows plant roots to find water.

• Gravitropism

• Hydrotropism

• Phototropism

• Dormancy

Thigmotropism

●Vine-like plants exhibit positive tropism as they grow around an object

●Thigmonasty: Plants like venus fly traps or sensitivity plants (mimosas) have
leaves which close in response to stimuli. They are responding to vibration or
touch

Multiple Choice

The venus fly trap will close if a fly touches two hairs on the leaves. Which of the following Tropism does this show?

• Phototropism

• Gravitropism

• Thigmotropism

• Hydrotropism

Multiple Choice

Bean plants wrap themselves around a trellis. This is an example of _____________.

• Gravitropism

• Thigmotropism

• Dormancy

• Hydrotropism

Multiple Choice

Occurs in plants

• photosynthesis only

• cellular respiration only

• photosynthesis and cell respiration

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

10B The mimosa plant displays thigmotropism by collapsing its leaves in response to touch, as shown in the pictures. The plant on the left is undisturbed. The upper stem of the plant on the right has been touched.

What is the most likely benefit of this mechanism for the plant?

• Protection from a loss of minerals to the environment

• Protection from poor light availability

• Protection from herbivores by becoming less attractive

• Protection from overwatering

Multiple Choice

10B: A student conducted an investigation to study phototropism in grasses. The only different between the control group and the experimental group was light conditions. The control group was provided full light, while the experimental group was shaded on one side. The diagrams show the average heights and positions of blades of grass in the investigation. Which statement best explains why the grass tips of the experimental group bent toward the light?

• Water evaporated faster on the side of the plant having full light

• Light sensors in the grass tips stimulated a hormone in the shoot system

• The xylem in the root system absorbed more nutrients from the shaded side

• The side facing the light has a greater chance of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere