World History: Ch 11 Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation

• We will learn about important changes that led to the end of medieval Europe and the dawn of the modern age, as well as how the Renaissance and Reformation were major developments that helped to shape the world we know today.

• I will describe what events contributed to the end of the Middle Ages.

• I will describe what was the Renaissance and why it happened.

• I will determine whether a Protestant Reformation would have occurred without Martin Luther.

• I will prepare a Blooket using all of my key terms.

What do we know about the Protestant Reformation?

Terminology in this Chapter

With your table partners, look up the terms in a shared Google Doc. Use your textbook and the Bilingual Glossary.

• Hundred Years’ War

• Black Death

• Renaissance

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Michelangelo

• Humanism

• Niccolo Machiavelli

• Copernicus

• Galileo

• Johann Gutenberg

• Indulgences

• Martin Luther

• Ninety-five Theses

• John Calvin

• Counter-Reformation

• Council of Trent

• Elizabeth I

• Inquisition

Terminology in this Chapter

With your table partners, look up the terms in a shared Google Doc. Use your textbook and the Bilingual Glossary.

You will create a Blooket using all of the key terms.

• A decade of extended rains led to serious food shortages in Europe.

Great Famine

• These exposed Europeans to Eastern ideas and goods stimulated trade;

• increased trade led to the growth of towns.

Crusades

The End of Medieval Europe

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• Disagreement occurred when there were Popes in Avignon and Rome;

• Led people to question the authority of the Church.

The Pope

• Killed 1/3 of Europe's population;

• Shortage of labor led to the decline of serfdom.

Black Death

The End of Medieval Europe

• Renaissance thinkers celebrated human achievements and focused on individual worth.

Humanism

• Thinkers used observation to explain the world, rather than Church teachings.

Secularism

Renaissance: sparked a rebirth of classical culture in Italy (1350-1500s)

• Rise of powerful states;

• Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince; a book on how to secure and maintain political power.

Political

• New, realistic painting and sculpture: GIOTTO, MASACCIO, LEONARDO DA VINCI, MICHELANGELO

Artistic

Renaissance: sparked a rebirth of classical culture in Italy (1350-1500s)

• Further increases in trade

Economic

Renaissance: sparked a rebirth of classical culture in Italy (1350-1500s)

Multiple Choice

One major characteristic of the Renaissance was that the---

• manor became the main center of economic activity

• Catholic Church lost all of its influence in Europe

• classical cultures of Greece and Rome were studied and imitated

• major language of the common people was Latin

The Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther

• Objected to the Church's sale of indulgences.

• In his Ninety-Five Theses (1517), Luther challenged the Pope's authority.

• Luther broke away from the Church.

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Effects of the Protestant Reformation (p. 170)

• Ended religious unity in Europe

• Others, like John Calvin, started Protestant churches of their own.

• Henry VIII of England broke with the Catholic Church

• Led to a century of religious wars between Catholics and Protestants

• Sped up economic growth in Northern Europe

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The Catholic Counter-Reformation

• The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was held to redefine Catholic beliefs and to stop the spread of Protestantism. The Council ended the sale of indulgences.

• The Inquisition was used by Church officials to end heresy by force. Trials were held to examine, often by torture, those who denied or opposed Church teachings.

• The Jesuits begun by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, were dedicated to defending and spreading the Catholic faith.

Catholic Counter Reformation

​Religious Wars

• Catholic rulers cooperated with the Pope in fighting Protestantism.

• Europe became divided between Catholic countries and Protestant countries (mainly in Northwestern Europe).

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