Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Physical Science

Day 1

1. What are the sub-atomic particles?

   1. Where do they live?

   2. What is their relative mass?

   3. What is their charge?

2. What is Atomic Number?

3. What is Mass Number?

4. What is an Isotope

5. What is an Ion

Multiple Choice

The negatively charge (-) particle of an atom.

• proton

• electron

• neutron

Multiple Choice

The no charge (n0) particles of an atom.

• Proton

• Electron

• Neutron

Multiple Choice

The positively charge (+) particles of an atom

• Proton

• Electron

• Neutron

Multiple Choice

Protons and neutrons are found inside nucleus

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The dense, positively charged mass located in the center of the atom.

• nucleus

• proton

• isotope

• molecule

​The number of Protons DEFINES the element.

Helium has 2 PROTONS. Helium will never have 3 protons. If it did...it would be LITHIUM!

Multiple Choice

The atomic number of Hydrogen (H) is

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

The atomic number of Nitrogen (N) is

• 7

• 6

• 8

• 9

Multiple Choice

The atomic number of Cobalt (Co) is

• 27

• 26

• 25

• 24

Fill in the Blanks

How many protons does Carbon have?

​An ATOM is Neutral. That means it has no charge.

​So...It has to have the same number of electrons as it has protons!

​P +1

e -1

Net Charge is 0

​So atoms will have the same number of ELECTRONS as they do PROTONS!

​Carbon also has 6 electrons

Multiple Choice

How many electrons does a neutral atom of Nitrogen have?

• 14

• 7

• 8

• 6

​This is Periodic Table Notation.

​

​C is the symbol for Carbon.

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of a neutron, and what is its location in an atom?

• Neutral charge, located in nucleus.

• Negative charge, located in nucleus.

• Neutral charge, located in the orbitals/cloud.

• Negative charge, located in the orbitals/cloud.

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of a proton, and what is its location in an atom?

• Neutral charge, located in nucleus.

• Positive charge, located in nucleus.

• Neutral charge, located in the orbitals/cloud.

• Positive charge, located in the orbitals/cloud.

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of an electron, and what is its location in an atom?

• Negative charge, located in nucleus.

• Neutral charge, located in nucleus.

• Negative charge, located in the orbitals/cloud.

• Neutral charge, located in the orbitals/cloud.

Multiple Choice

An electron and proton are ALIKE because...

• Neither has a charge.

• Both are charged.

• Both are in the nucleus.

Multiple Choice

A neutron and proton are ALIKE because...

• Neither has a charge.

• Both are charged.

• Both are in the nucleus.

Multiple Choice

Protons are DIFFERENT from neutrons because...

• One is in the nucleus, the other is in the orbitals/cloud.

• One has a charge, the other does not.

• Both are in the nucleus.

Multiple Choice

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF OXYGEN?

• 16

• 8

• 15.9999

• 9

​What is an Isotope?

​Isotopes have the same number of protons (so they are the same element)

​But different numbers of Electrons

​Mass No = No of Protons + No of Neutrons

​Since Protons and Neutrons are the only subatomic particles with mass, all the mass of the atom is in the nucleus of the atom.

​Remember, Neutrons have a mass of 1 AMU

But the have no charge

Isotope Symbols

As you can see to the right there are certain ways elements and isotopes are represented as symbols. There is the element symbol (the biggest part). Then the upper number will the the mass number (number of protons + number of neutrons) and the lower number is just the atomic number (number of protons).

​How many Protons and neutrons in each isotope

Multiple Choice

What makes up most of the mass of an atom?

• electron cloud

• empty space

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What does atomic number tell us?

• number of protons

• number of neutrons

• number of protons + neutrons

• number of protons + electrons

Multiple Choice

You find out that an atom has 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons. What is this atom's atomic number?

• 5

• 6

• 11

• 1

Multiple Choice

An atom with 18 protons has a mass number of 40. How many neutrons are in the nucleus?

• 18

• 40

• 58

• 22

Multiple Choice

What is true about the carbon atom depicted in the image?

• This carbon atom has 13 protons

• There are 13 subatomic particles in the electron cloud

• The mass number of this carbon atom is 13

• The atomic number of this carbon atom is 13

Multiple Choice

These three isotopes of carbon have different -

• Atomic numbers

• Mass numbers

• Numbers of protons

• Symbols

Multiple Choice

All the isotopes of a particular element will always have the same -

• Atomic number

• Mass number

• Number of neutrons

• Total number of subatomic particles

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons does the isotope of lithium - 8 have?

• 8

• 3

• 4

• 5

Finding the number of electrons

• REMEMBER: the overall charge of the atom is NEUTRAL

• for this to be true, protons (+) and electrons (-) have to cancel each other out

• therefore, 8 protons = 8 electrons

Ion Notation

• Same as isotope

• includes charge in upper right

• + means LESS ELECTRONS than PROTONS

• (-) means MORE ELECTRONS than PROTONS

Multiple Choice

How many protons?

• 36

• 17

• 18

• 19

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons?

• 36

• 17

• 18

• 19

Multiple Choice

How many protons?

• 9

• 4

• 5

• 2

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons?

• 9

• 4

• 5

• 2

Multiple Choice

How many electrons?

• 9

• 4

• 5

• 2

Multiple Choice

How many electrons?

• 36

• 17

• 18

• 19

​The Bohr Model of the Atom

​Electrons per ring

1st - 2 e's

2nd - 8 e's

3rd - 18 e's

4th - 32 e's

​PHET - Build an ATOM

Multiple Choice

What do you need to look at on the PT to determine how many electron SHELLS/LEVELS an atom has?

The VALANCE electrons are REALLY important because

they determine how reactive an element is...