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Multiple Choice

A car salesman records information about the cars he is selling.

The colour of each car is _____ data

• Qualitative

• Continuous

• Discrete

• Ordinal

Multiple Choice

A car salesman records information about the cars he is selling.

The number of doors is _____ data

• Qualitative

• Continuous

• Discrete

Multiple Choice

A shop owner records information about his customers.

The distance they traveled to get to the shop is _____ data

• Qualitative

• Quantitative

Multiple Choice

A shop owner records information about his customers.

The method of transport is _____ data

• Qualitative

• Quantitative

Multiple Choice

A shop owner records information about his customers.

The average amount of money spent is _____ data

• quantitative

• qualitative

Multiple Choice

There are 40 sheep on a farm. They are tagged via codes on a necklace.

The codes classifying each sheep is _____ data

• Nominal

• Discrete

• Continuous

• Ordinal

Multiple Choice

Dress size (XXS; XS;S;M;L;XL;XXL)

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Volume of air in a balloon

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Level of first aid training (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3)

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Traffic (number of cars) crossing a bridge in an hour

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Make of car (Nissan, Toyota, Mercedes, etc.)

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Number of goals scored by a hockey team

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Method of travel to work (walking, car, bike, bus, etc.)

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Crowd size (NUMBER OF PERSONS) at a football match

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Type of house (up and down, bungalow, split unit, on stilts, etc.)

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Height of a tree

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Brand of toothpaste

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Outcome of a coin toss (Heads or Tails)

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Attitude towards a new national flag (varying from strongly agree to strongly disagree)

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

The number of seats in a car is _____ data

• Discrete

• Continuous

Multiple Choice

The length of a football pitch is _____ data

• Discrete

• Continuous

Multiple Choice

Price of an ice cream purchased at a store

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

social security numbers

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Favourite sport

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Exam grade (letter grades varying from F, D-,D+,D,C-,C,C+, etc. )

• Categorical: nominal

• Categorical: ordinal

• Quantitative: discrete

• Quantitative: continuous

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

Based on data collected over the previous year, the chance that a person will be robbed this year is low.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

A recent survey of 2000 adults having an associates degree reported that the average salary is more than $65,000 a year.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

The chances of you getting a new car is about the same as passing your math class.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

The Senior Citizens that live in Florida have better memories than the ones that live in Texas

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

From a past study, it was found that 56% of women are the primary investors in their households.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

It is predicted that the average number of automobiles each household owns will increase next year.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

From a past study it was found that the interest rate of a certain credit card averaged exactly 12.83%

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

Last year's total attendance at Long Run High School's football games was 8,235 people.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

The secretary is asked to record the phone numbers of the employees. The variable 'phone numbers' is an example of

• discrete data

• continuous data

• nominal data

• ordinal data

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

According to the 2010 Population & Housing Census the population of Dangriga was 9.539.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

A algebra teacher at the local community college will only pass 5 students this semester because they were in a bad mood.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

There is a chance that by the year 2040 that the human growth rate will hit an all time low.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

From a past study from the American Dental Association it was found that 92% of Adults age 20-65 have suffered from at least one cavity.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

Moneys accrued at the bank annually due to interest of a savings account

• discrete

• continuous

• nominal

• ordinal

Multiple Choice

Time it takes to boil water

• continuous

• ordinal

• discrete

• nominal

Multiple Choice

To whom do the statistical scientists attribute the origin of Statistics and what year?

• John Cecarius; 1660

• John Graunt; 1662

• Chebyshev; 1980

• It is still not determined

Multiple Choice

Choose the most accurate definition of STATISICS: Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to

• the collection, analysis, interpretation, or explanation, and presentation of data

• the collection, interpretation, and presentation of data

• the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities

• the inference of proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.

Multiple Choice

Choose the best definition of a statistical variable, A statistical variable is

• any characteristic, number or quantity that can be measured or counted

• a variable having discrete values that differ through random causes or array.

• a letter in the alphabet

• a variable is a characteristic of interest that you measure, record, and analyze

Inferential Statistics

Multiple Choice

In order to assess student reactions to the school's COVID safety protocols, the principal sent a survey to every fifth person on the school's alphabetical list of students. He used the technique of

• random sampling

• random assignment

Multiple Choice

To put students into groups for a study on the effectiveness of watching AP Daily Videos, Ms. Parks asked each student to draw a colored slip of paper from an envelope. This was her method of:

• random sampling

• random assignment

Multiple Choice

The purpose of random sampling is to

• include as many members of the population as possible in the research

• obtain the largest possible sample

• obtain a representative sample from which generalizations can be made

• guarantee that the research sample will proportionally represent the population of interest

After using descriptive statistics,

researchers can use inferential statistics to:

Generalize from a study sample to the population of interest

Assess statistical significance (the likelihood that an observed result did not occur by chance)

In general, statistical significance results from:

• a large difference between sample averages

• a reliable sample: one that is representative and has low variability

Multiple Choice

Which of the following types of descriptive statistics shows how much variability is in a sample? 

• frequency

• mean

• mode

• standard deviation

Multiple Choice

Which data set is more reliable?

• In a study of science performance among CPS high school students, the four-year science course grades of 300 graduating LPHS seniors are recorded.

• In a study of science performance among CPS high school students, the four-year science course grades of 3,000 graduating seniors from various CPS schools in different neighborhoods are recorded.

Multiple Choice

Which of these differences is likely to have greater statistical significance?

• The average science course grades of LPHS graduating seniors is higher for females than for males. Specifically, the average course grade for females was 83%, and for males it was 70%.

• The average science course grades of LPHS graduating seniors is higher for females than for males. Specifically, the average course grade for females was 83%, and for males it was 81%.

Multiple Choice

Which data set is more reliable?

• The average science test grades of LPHS graduating seniors is higher for females than for males. The data also show a large number of extreme scores (outliers) in the female data set.

• The average science test grades of LPHS graduating seniors is higher for females than for males. The data also show that scores are close to the mean for both groups.

Statistics

Types

1. Descriptive Statistics

Process raw numerical data into graphs, charts, other meaningful (mean, mode, median, tables, Standard Deviation) forms.

2. Inferential Statistics

When you make generalizations , decisions , conclusions based on the data presented.

Key Terms

1) Population - the total amount of objects under study.

2) Sample - a representative of the population

3) Data :

* Numerical ; Eg height in cm

* Non-numerical ; Eg colour

4) Classification :

*Primary data - first hand data collected

* Secondary data - data collected from other sources E.g. internet , newspapers

5) Data :

Quantitative - data recorded in numeric form E.G height, date

Qualitative - data recorded in non-numeric form E.G. colour of vehicles

Discrete - can only have exact values / There is a distinct gap between values E.G shoe sizes, cash in hand, number of siblings

Continuous - a variable is said to be continuous if it is approximated at different levels of precision E.G height, mass, area, volume

1) STEM AND LEAF PLOT

A useful way of grouping data into classics while still retaining the original data is to use a stem and leaf plot. In a stem and leaf diagram , numerical digits are used to represent the data instead of using lines and dots. The stem and leaf consist of 2 parts. The stem can have 1 or more digits but the leaf only has one digit ( the last digit). A stem and leaf plot can also be drawn back to back.

Properties :

1. Leaf units are order (ascending)

2. No commas

3. Digits must line up one below the other

4. Must include a small key.

Advantages :

1. It uses ALL the values in the diagram .

2. Can calculate Mean, Mode , Median quartiles from it.

Example 1

Ex 2

Questionnaires were given to 30 patients. Some were *posted out* and some were *given by hand*. The data below is the room number of each patient who received a questionnaire.

Posted out :

11, 19, 22, 25, 25, 29, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40, 46, 49, 50, 50.

By Hand:

15, 15, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 31, 33, 34, 37, 39, 41, 46, 46.

Determine the mode and median of each set of data.

Posted:

Mode = 25, 50

Median =34

By hand :

Mode = 15, 46

Median = 31

Ex 3

2018 7 a (i)

2019 7 a(i)

The weights, in kilograms, of students in a grade 5 class are displayed in the following stem and leaf diagram.

(i) State the number of students in the class.

(i) 29 students

Multiple Choice

What are types of statistics?

• Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

• Causal and Inferential Statistics

• Prescriptive and Inferential Statistics

• Descriptive and Prescriptive Statistics

Multiple Choice

The science of collecting, describing, and interpreting data.

• Sample

• Probability

• Variable

• Statistic

Multiple Choice

Collection, presentation, and description of sample data.

• Descriptive Statistics

• Inferential Statistics

• Qualitative Variable

• Quantitative Variable

Multiple Choice

Making decisions and drawing conclusions about populations.

• Descriptive Statistics

• Inferential Statistics

• Qualitative Variable

• Quantitative Variable

Multiple Choice

Determine your height and weight?

• Discrete

• Continuous

Multiple Choice

A collection, or set, of individuals or objects or events whose properties are to be analyzed.

• Sample

• Statistic

• Population

• Variable

Multiple Choice

What is the mean?

4, 5, 6, 7, 3, 4, 10, 1

• 7

• 4.5

• 5

• 8

Multiple Choice

A _______ is a subset of a population

• Sample

• Population

• Group

• Statistics

Multiple Choice

What is Quantitative Data?

• Consist of attributes, labels, or nonnumerical entries.

• Consist of numerical measurements or counts.

• Consist of a subset of the population.

Multiple Choice

What is Qualitative Data?

• Consist of a subset of the population.

• Consist of numerical measurements or counts.

• Consist of attributes, labels, or nonnumerical entries.

Multiple Choice

What are NOT the type of random sampling method?

• Simple random sample

• Stratified sample

• Classified sample

• Cluster sample

Multiple Choice

What is the CORRECT definition of Cluster Sample?

• Each sample of the same size has an equal chance of being selected

• Divide the population into groups called strata and then take a sample from each strata

• Divide the population into strata and then randomly select some of the strata.

• Randomly select a starting point and take every n-th piece of data from the population

Multiple Choice

What are NOT non-random sampling method?

• Convenience sample

• Purposive Sample

• Bias Sample

• Quota Sample

Multiple Choice

What is an ordinal scale?

• The order or rank of the data is meaningful.

• The differencies or intervals between data values indicate how much more or less of a variable one object of interest possesses when compared to another object of interest.

  differences

• The ratio of two data values is meaningful.

Multiple Choice

What will be the statistical test for non-parametric method for one sample, two qualitative variables?

• Wilcoxon signed rank test

• Correlation coefficient of Spearman

• Correlation coefficient of Pearson

• Z-paired test

Fill in the Blank

Discriminant analysis is a technique for analysing data when the __________ variables are categorical in nature.

Multiple Choice

The discriminant analysis is written as follows:

Y = b0 + b1 X1 + b2 X2 + b3 X3

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The discriminant analysis is written as:

Y = b0 + b1 X1 + b2 X2 + b3 X3

What is b?

• Dependent variable

• Coefficients of independent variable

• Predictor

Multiple Choice

Larger eigen value implies bad discrimination

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Discriminant analysis techniques are used to classify individuals into one of two or more alternative groups (or populations) on the basis of a set of measurements.

• True

• False

Lesson 1-1 Inferential and Descriptive Statistics

​

After completing this chapter, you should be able to:

• Demonstrate knowledge of statistical terms.

• Differentiate between the two branches of statistics.

Variables

• a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values.

• 
  

Multiple Choice

A variable (or response variable) is

• a characteristic of interest about each individual element of a population or sample

• a characteristic that is irrelevant to the collection of the data

• a characteristic that changes when the data is collected

• a characteristic or trait that will be ignored in a sample population

Descriptive vs Inferential

• Descriptive Statistics are used to summarise the data collected.

• Inferential Statistics are used by the researcher to infer the properties of a population, based on the sample. 

Multiple Choice

These are the two types of statistics:

• Discrete and Continuous

• Population and Sample

• Descriptive and Inferential

• Mean and Standard deviation

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

From a past study, it was found that 56% of women are the primary investors in their households.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

Tell if the statement if Descriptive or Inferential

A recent survey of 2000 adults having an MBA reported that the average salary is more than $65,000 a year.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

A prediction has been made that the chance that a person will be robbed in a certain city is 15%.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Population vs Sample

​

Multiple Choice

Identify the following data set:

....a manager of a movie theater was asking customers at the concession stand how they would rate the theater’s staff

• Population

• Sample

Multiple Choice

Identify the following data set:

....the rates at which all of the cashiers scan products for a store on a study about the cashiers for the day.

• Population

• Sample

Multiple Choice

Identify the following data set:

....the rates at which all of the cashiers scan products for a store on a study about the cashiers for the day.

• Population

• Sample

Applying the Concepts 1-1

Complete the 1-1 Google Form

Multiple Choice

Set of methods to obtain data and then organize, summarize, present, analyze, interpret and reach conclusions based on the data

• Statistics

• Inferential Statistics

• Descriptive Statistics

Multiple Choice

Mark is better than any other player than any other player

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

An algebra teacher at the local community college will only pass 5 students this semester because they were in a bad mood.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

According to the 2016 Census the population of Hartsville, SC was 7,768.

• Inferential

• Descriptive

Multiple Choice

There is a chance that by the year 2040 that the human growth rate will hit an all time low.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

From a past study from the American Dental Association it was found that 92% of Adults age 20-65 have suffered from at least one cavity.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

These are the two types of statistics:

• Discrete and Continuous

• Population and Sample

• Descriptive and Inferential

• Mean and Standard deviation

Multiple Choice

The American Dental association concluded from a past survey of senior citizen in the U.S., that they average 3.28 decayed teeth.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

The average salary of all flight attendants in the year 1999 was $47,910.

• Descriptive

• Inferential

Multiple Choice

A prediction has been made that the chance that a person will be robbed in a certain city is 15%.

• Descriptive Statistics

• Inferential Statistics