BIOLOGY MOCK Lesson

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BIOLOGY TRILOGY
REVISION YR 10

Practice Q

Name:

________________________

Class:

________________________

Date:

________________________

Time:

66 minutes

Marks:

62 marks

Comments:

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Q1.

Cells are the building blocks of life.

(a) Draw one line from each type of organism to the diagram of one of its cells.

Type of organism

Diagram of one cell

Animal

Bacterium

Plant

(3)

(b) Cells contain structures. These structures have different functions.

Draw one line from each function to the correct structure.

Function

Structure

Cell membrane

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Contains genetic information

Cell wall

Controls what enters and

leaves a cell

Chloroplast

Where photosynthesis

happens

Nucleus

(3)

(c) Chemicals are produced in cells.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

cellulose

DNA

glycogen

starch

urea

A chemical excreted by animals is ____________________.

A chemical stored in animal cells is____________________.

A chemical stored in plant cells is ____________________.

A chemical that strengthens plant cell walls is ____________________.

(4)

The figure below shows a diagram of muscle cells.

(d) Give one function of muscle cells.

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(e) Explain how muscle cells are adapted for their function.

Use the figure above.

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(f) One muscle cell was 0.05 mm wide.

When viewed using a microscope the image of the muscle cell was 2 mm wide.

Calculate the magnification used to view the cell.

Use the equation:

___________________________________________________________________

Magnification = × _______________

(2)

(Total 15 marks)

Q2.

Describe how to test a sample of food for protein, starch and sugar.

Give the colours that would be seen if the food sample contained protein, starch and
sugar.

___________________________________________________________________

(Total 6 marks)

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Q3.

This question is about plant transport systems.

(a) Describe how water is transported from the soil to the atmosphere through a plant.

___________________________________________________________________

(4)

(b) Dissolved sugars are moved through a plant in phloem tissue.

What is the name of the process that moves dissolved sugars through phloem
tissue?

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

Phloem tissue is made of sieve tube cells and companion cells.

The figure below shows a section of phloem tissue.

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(c) Explain one way sieve tube cells are specialised for their function.

Use the figure above.

___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(d) What does the structure of the companion cells suggest about the process that

moves dissolved sugars through the phloem tissue?

Give a reason for your answer.

Use the figure above.

___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(e) Describe why it is important that dissolved sugars are moved both upwards and

downwards in a plant.

___________________________________________________________________

(3)

(Total 12 marks)

Q4.

Heart tissue is made of cardiac muscle cells.

Figure 1 shows a cardiac muscle cell.

Figure 1

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(a) Cardiac muscle needs to contract and relax continuously.

Cardiac muscle cells contain a large number of the structures labelled A.

Name structure A.

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(b) Oxygen moves from the cytoplasm into structure A by the process of diffusion.

Why does the oxygen move by diffusion?

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(c) Which change would cause the rate of diffusion of oxygen across an exchange

surface to decrease?

Tick (✓) one box.

An increase in the surface area of the
exchange surface

An increase in the temperature of the
cell

An increase in the thickness of the
exchange surface

(1)

(d) The cardiac muscle cells in humans can respire aerobically and anaerobically.

• Aerobic respiration uses oxygen.

• Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen.

Compare the processes of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

Do not refer to oxygen in your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

(4)

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a human heart.

Figure 2

(e) What is the name of blood vessel X?

Tick (✓) one box.

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Vena cava

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(1)

(f) Give one difference in the composition of the blood in the right ventricle compared

with the blood in the left ventricle.

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

When the walls of the atria and ventricles contract, the pressure increases.

The table below shows information about the pressure during one contraction of the heart.

Maximum pressure in

arbitrary units

Left atrium

10

Left ventricle

120

Right atrium

X

Right ventricle

25

(g) The left ventricle has the highest pressure.

Why does the left ventricle need to have the highest pressure?

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(h) What is the most likely maximum pressure in the right atrium?

Use the table above.

Tick (✓) one box.

< 25

= 25

> 25

(1)

(i) Some people have a medical condition called a ‘hole in the heart’.

A ‘hole in the heart’ is a small hole between the right ventricle and the left ventricle.

Some blood flows from the right ventricle to the left ventricle.

Explain why a ‘hole in the heart’ causes a person to feel tired.

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

(4)

(Total 15 marks)

Q5.

Adult stem cells are found in human bone marrow.

Bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into many types of blood components.

The figure below shows the components the bone marrow stem cells can differentiate
into.

(a) Name the component of the blood labelled A.

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

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(b) Damage to the bone marrow will lead to a reduction in the number of blood

components produced in a person.

Describe the effect a reduction of component A will have on the person.

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(c) A person has 5.1 × 109 red blood cells per cm3 of blood.

The person has 4.25 dm3 of blood in their body.

A total of 2.0 × 1011 of the red blood cells are replaced each day.

Calculate the percentage of red blood cells that are replaced each day.

1 dm3 = 1000 cm3

___________________________________________________________________

Percentage of red blood cells replaced each day = ____________________ %

(4)

(d) Explain why red blood cells cannot divide by mitosis.

___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(e) The different components of the blood can be used to treat different medical

conditions.

The table below gives information about:
• blood from blood donation by volunteers
• the production of red blood cells from stem cells in laboratories.

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Blood from blood donation
Production of red blood cells

from stem cells

It can take 10 minutes to collect
blood from a vein in the arm.

A person can donate blood every 12
weeks.

Blood can be stored for 35 days.

Blood can be separated into
different blood components and
plasma.

Red blood cells can be produced
when needed in small quantities.

It takes 28 days to produce red
blood cells.

A patient’s own stem cells can be
used to make red blood cells.

Evaluate the use of blood donation to provide blood components compared with
using stem cells to provide blood components.

Use information from the table above and your own knowledge.

___________________________________________________________________

(6)

(Total 14 marks)

BIOLOGY MOCK

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