Meiosis Reassessment Review

Mitosis

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​To create new cells for repair & replacing of old damaged cells and for growth & development of the individual.

Meiosis

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​To create offspring.

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Purpose of Division

Mitosis

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2

Meiosis

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4

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Number of daughter cells produced?

Mitosis

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2N (diploid)

​Humans = 46

Meiosis

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N (haploid)

​Humans = 23

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Number of chromosomes in daughter cells

Mitosis

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Somatic cells

(skin cells, intestinal cells, muscle cells, etc…)

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Meiosis

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Gametes

​(sperm & egg cells)

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Type of cell produced?

Multiple Choice

Mitosis purpose

• Growth, repair of organisms

• creates cells for sexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

meisis purpose

• growth, repair in organisms

• creates cells for sexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

meiosis is

• one cell division

• 2 cell divisions

Multiple Choice

mitosis is

• one cell division

• 2 cell divisions

Multiple Choice

Process that begins with diploid parent cell.

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Both Mitosis and Meiosis

Multiple Choice

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Makes cells for embryo

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Produces Gametes

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

New cell has 23 chromosomes

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Allows for growth

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Injured? Get new cells!!

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

New cell has 46 chromosomes

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Makes Identical Cells

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Chromosome number is halved.

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Four daughter cells are produced.

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Meiosis

Study this picture. Notice how a cell with four chromosomes turns into four different cells, each containing two chromosomes.

Crossing Over

Remember, the steps of Meiosis are similar to the steps to Mitosis. The major differences is that "Crossing Over" of the DNA occurs in Meiosis.

During Prophase 1 and Metaphase 1 of Meiosis, the DNA next to each other can SWITCH chromosomes, making a completely new strand of DNA.

As the chromosomes align in the center of the cell, segments of a chromosome will swap with the homologous chromosome. This means that the crossing over is swapping the same gene, but potentially a different version of the gene.

Crossing Over

Multiple Choice

What are the two chromosomes that align together during metaphase?

• Homologous

• Mitosis and Meiosis

• X and Y Chromosomes

• DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

6G: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material:

• increases the genetic variation

• reduces the diploid number to the haploid number

• increases the haploid number to the diploid number

• reduces the probability of mutations

Multiple Choice

6G: Which diagram demonstrates how crossing-over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?

Multiple Choice

In which phase does crossing over happen?

• interphase

• prophase

• metaphase

• anaphase

• telophase

Multiple Choice

Recombinant chromosomes are produced by the process of

• interphase

• crossing over

• nondisjunction

Multiple Select

The factor that leads to great genetic diversity are

• mitosis

• independent assortment of chromosomes

• crossing over

• asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

The benefit of crossing over during meiosis is

• elimination of unnecessary genes

• increase in genetic diversity

• increased life expectancy

Phases of Meiosis

Interphase

Prophase 1

Metaphase 1

Anaphase 1

Telophase 1

Prophase 2

Metaphase 2

Anaphase 2

Telophase 2

Interphase, Prophase 1 and Metaphase 1

Prophase - Just like Mitosis except double the DNA

Interphase, Prophase 1 and Metaphase 1

• Prophase 1 - Just like Prophase of Mitosis except Double DNA

• Crossing Over Occurs

• Homologous Chromosomes Exchange DNA

Anaphase 1 and Telophase 1

• Homologous chromosomes separate

• We now have 2 cells

Prophase 2 and Metaphase 2

• Just like Prophase and metaphase

• Chromosomes become visible

• Chromosomes line up

Anaphase 2 and Telophase 2

• Anaphase 2 chromosomes move away

• Telophase - We now have 4 cells

• In a male they will become sperm

• In females only 1 will become an egg

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Meiosis is the process of producing sex cells called GAMETES. These cells are recombined during sexual reproduction. Their production is very similar to mitosis.

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Multiple Choice

What are the two chromosomes that align together during metaphase?

• Homologous

• Mitosis and Meiosis

• X and Y Chromosomes

• DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

What phase is this?

• Interphase II

• Prophase I

• Metaphase I

• Anaphase II

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Prophase II
• Metaphase I
• Metaphase II
• Anaphase I

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Anaphase II
• Metaphase I
• Anaphase I
• Telophase II

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Metaphase II
• Telophase I
• Telophase II
• Metaphase I

Multiple Choice

What phases is shown here?

• Prophase II
• Prophase I
• Anaphase II
• Interphase I

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Anaphase I
• Prophase I
• Metaphase II
•  Metaphase I

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Telophase II
• Anaphase II
• Metaphase I
• Interphase I

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Telophase I
• Metaphase II
• Telophase II
• Anaphase I

Multiple Choice

What process is shown here?

• Genetic Randomization
• Cross Over
• Allele Switching
• Cross Pollination

Multiple Choice

What does the process shown here do?

• add slight genetic variation to helps species survive
• make offspring more fit
• ensure the best traits are always passed along
• guarantee that we are all genetically the same

Multiple Choice

When does the process shown here happen?

• Prophase I
• Anaphase II
• Interphase II
• Telophase I

Lets review!!

​Mitosis vs Meiosis, Crossing Over, phases of Meiosis

Multiple Choice

How many chromosomes does a human somatic (body) cell have?

• 2

• 14

• 23

• 46

Multiple Choice

What process, and which types of cells are represented by the diagram?

• Mitosis, somatic cells

• Mitosis, gametes

• Meiosis, somatic cells

• Meiosis, gametes

Multiple Choice

This image shows chromosomes during Prophase 1. Which of the following correctly describes the process shown?

• segregation of sister chromatids

• mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

• condensation and segregation of alleles

• crossing - over in which alleles are exchanged

Multiple Choice

What causes genetic variation in meiosis?

• chromosomes lining up

• crossing over of chromosomes

• separation of chromosomes

• chromosomes pulling apart

Multiple Choice

What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?

• Haploid cells

• Diploid Cells

• Skin Cells

• Liver Cells

Multiple Choice

Diploid Cells are represented by

• 2n

• n

• 4n

• 1/2 n

Multiple Choice

If the Diploid number of Carrots is 18, the haploid number is

• 18

• 9

• 27

• 36

Multiple Choice

The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?

• anaphase 1

• prophase 1

• prophase 2

• telophase 1

Multiple Choice

The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  

• homozygous 

• asexual

• homologous

• genes

Multiple Choice

When homologous chromosomes match up, they form a structure call a ___________.

• tetrad (pair of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad)

• triad

• diploid

• quad (group of 4 replicated chromosomes, 2 from mom and 2 from dad)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes meiosis?

• It is carried out in all tissues theat require cell replacement

• It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of an organism

• It happens in all of the tissues except the brain and spinal cord

• It is the first stage of mitosis

Multiple Choice

products of meiosis are genetically

• different

• identical

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells does Meiosis create?

• 2

• 4

• 8

• 1

Multiple Choice

Identify the phase.

• Metaphase I
• Metaphase II
• Anaphase I
• Anaphase II

Multiple Choice

In which stage of MEIOSIS does crossing over occur? (The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes)

• Anaphase I

• Metaphase I

• Prophase I

• Telophase I

Multiple Choice

The end of meiosis results in  ____ to each other.

• 2 cells that are identical

• 4 cells that are identical

• 2 cells that are not identical

• 4 cells that are not identical

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Prophase II

• Metaphase I

• Metaphase II

• Anaphase I

Multiple Choice

In this diagram homologous chromosomes are moving to opposite poles of the cell. What phase is  shown in the diagram?

• anaphase 1

• anaphase 2

• metaphase 1

• telophase 1

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown here?

• Anaphase I

• Prophase I

• Metaphase II

•  Metaphase I

Multiple Choice

What phase of meiosis is this?

• prophase 1

• Metaphase 2

• telophase 2

• anaphase 1

Multiple Choice

What causes genetic variation in meiosis?

• chromosomes lining up

• crossing over of chromosomes

• separation of chromosomes

• chromosomes pulling apart

Multiple Choice

What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?

• Haploid cells

• Diploid Cells

• Skin Cells

• Liver Cells

Multiple Choice

The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?

• anaphase 1

• prophase 1

• prophase 2

• telophase 1

Multiple Choice

Crossing over creates

• male genotype

• genetic variation (differences)

• DNA replication

• mitosis

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented?

• metaphase 1

• metaphase 2

• anaphase 1

• anaphase 2

Multiple Choice

What phase is  shown in the picture?

• metaphase 2

• anaphase 2

• metaphase 1

• telophase 1

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells does Meiosis create?

• 2

• 4

• 8

• 1

Multiple Choice

How many cells are formed at the end of Meiosis II?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 8

Multiple Choice

Human eggs and sperm are _____, and each has ____ chromosomes.

• diploid, 23

• diploid, 46

• haploid, 23

• haploid, 46

Multiple Choice

The products of meiosis are genetically...

• different.

• identical.

Multiple Choice

A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?

• 20

• 40

• 80

• 160

Multiple Choice

What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?

• Haploid Gametes

• Diploid Somatic Cells

• Skin Cells

• Liver Cells

Multiple Choice

A human body (somatic) cell usually has how many chromosomes?

• 6

• 22

• 4

• 46

Multiple Choice

The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?

• anaphase 1

• prophase 1

• prophase 2

• telophase 1

Multiple Choice

If a somatic (body) cell in a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg would contain

• 3

• 6

• 12

• 24

Multiple Choice

The result of meiosis is:

• two diploid cells

• two haploid cells

• four diploid cells

• four haploid cells

Multiple Choice

What causes genetic variation in meiosis?

• chromosomes lining up

• crossing over of chromosomes

• separation of chromosomes

• chromosomes pulling apart

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a gamete (sex cell)?

• egg
• sperm
• skin cell
• all of the above are gametes

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented?

• metaphase 1

• metaphase 2

• anaphase 1

• anaphase 2

Multiple Choice

Humans have how may chromosomes ?

• 112

• 46

• 8

• 67

Multiple Choice

A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes.  What is the haploid number found in a gamete?

• 23

• 46

• 69

• 92

Multiple Choice

Human eggs and sperm are _____, and each has ____ chromosomes.

• diploid, 23

• diploid, 46

• haploid, 23

• haploid, 46

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis ?

• 10

• 6

• 4

• 2

Multiple Choice

___________________ is the process where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material to form new chromosomes.

• Homologous Chromosomes

• Crossing Over

• Haploid Cells

Multiple Choice

What is the first phase of meiosis?

• Prophase 1

• Anaphase 1

• Metaphase 1

• Telophase 1

Multiple Choice

What stage of meiosis does duplication of homologous chromosome pair and cross-over occurs?

• Prophase 1

• Metaphase 1

• Anaphase 1

• Telophase 1

Multiple Choice

________________ is where crossing over is complete and chromosomes move toward the center and line up.

• Prophase 1

• Metaphase 1

• Telophase 1

• Anaphase 1

Multiple Choice

How many chromosomes are each daughter cell at the end of Meiosis II?

• 46

• 92

• 23

• 184

Multiple Choice

Meiosis produces genetic material that is ________________ the parent cells.

• Different from

• Identical to