Indefinite and Negative words

Indefinite and Negative Words

Indefinite words...

refer to people and things not specific, example:

Someone or something

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Indefinite words refer to ​

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and ​

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not ​

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: ​

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or ​

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people

things

specific

someone

something

Negative words...

deny the existence of people and things or
contradict statements, example:

No one or nothing

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Negative words deny the existence of ​

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and ​

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or contradict ​

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: ​

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or ​

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people

things

statements

No one

nothing

Spanish Indefinite words

have corresponding
negative words

which are

opposite in meaning

Multiple Choice

Spanish Indefinite words have corresponding ________ words.

• affirmative

• indefinite

• negative

• positive

Indefinite and negative words

algo - nada

alguien - nadie

alguno/a(s), algún - ninguno/a, ningún

o…o - ni…ni

siempre - nunca, jamás

también - tampoco

Multiple Choice

opuesto de algo

• nada

• nunca

• nadie

• ninguno

Multiple Choice

opuesto de alguno

• nada

• nunca

• nadie

• ninguno

Multiple Choice

opuesto de alguien

• nada

• nunca

• nadie

• ninguno

Multiple Choice

opuesto de siempre

• nada

• nunca

• nadie

• ninguno

Multiple Choice

opuesto de o...o

• nada

• ni...ni

• nadie

• tampoco

Multiple Choice

opuesto de también

• nada

• ni...ni

• nadie

• tampoco

Two ways to form negative sentences

1.

Place the negative word before the verb:

Nadie se levanta temprano.

2.

Place no before the verb and the negative word after:

No se levanta nadie temprano.

Multiple Choice

The first way to form a negative sentence is to:

• place no before the verb

• place the negative word after the verb

• place the negative word before the verb

• place the negative word before and after the verb

Multiple Choice

The second way to form a negative sentence is to:

• place no before the verb and the negative word after

• place the negative word after the verb

• place the negative word before the verb

• place the negative word before and after the verb

The personal “a”

Alguien and Nadie refer to people, so the personal “a” is often used with these.

-¿Buscas a alguien?

-No busco a nadie.

The personal “a” is also used before alguno/a(s) and ninguno/a when referring to people and are the direct object of the verb.

-¿Buscas a alguno de tus hermanos?

-No busco a ninguno.

Multiple Choice

The indefinite and negative words that refer to people:

• algo, nada

• alguien, nadie

• siempre, nunca

• también, tampoco

Multiple Choice

When referring to people, the personal "a" is used with which words:

• algo, nada

• alguno/a(s), ninguno/a

• siempre, nunca

• también, tampoco

Drop the “o”

Alguno and ninguno are shortened to algún and ningún when they appear before a masculine singular noun.

-¿Tienes algún amigo peruano?

-No, no tengo ningún amigo peruano.

(No, no tengo ninguno.)

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​

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and ​

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are shortened to ​

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and ​

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when they appear before a ​

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.

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Alguno

ninguno

algún

ningún

masculine singular noun

Double negatives

In English it is incorrect to use more than one negative word in a sentence.

In Spanish sentences frequently contain two or more negative words. Once a
sentence is negative, no other affirmative(indefinite) words are used.

Nunca le escribo a nadie. (I never write to anyone.)

No me preocupo nunca por nada. (I do not ever worry about anything.)

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In Spanish sentences frequently contain ​

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or ​

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​

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words. Once a sentence is negative, no other ​

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(indefinite) words are ​

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.

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two

more

negative

affirmative

used

Pero and Sino

Pero is used to mean but.

José es inteligente pero no saca buenas notas.(José is intelligent but doesn’t get good grades.

Sino is but rather or on the contrary. It is used when the first part of the sentence is negative and the second part contradicts it.

María no habla francés sino español. María doesn’t speak French, but rather Spanish.

Match

Match the following

• pero

• sino

• on the contrary

• but

but

but rather

sino

pero

• but

• but rather

• sino

• pero