5-5: Revolutionary Ideas pt. 2

5-5: Revolutionary Ideas pt. 2

​USI.6b: Today I will describe how political ideas shaped the revolutionary movement by analyzing the Declaration of Independence.

Reorder

Review: Put the events in order.

• Declaration of Independence Written

• 2nd Continental Congress Meets

• Battles of Lexington & Concord

• 1st Continental Congress meets

• Boston Tea Party & Intolerable Acts passed

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Review: What is the Declaration of Independence?

• The document that sates the colonies intent to become independent.

• The document that contains the laws by which the United States is governed.

• The document guaranteeing rights of US Citizens.

• The first document to put into writing that the King is not above the law.

Multiple Select

Review: What is communicated in the Declaration of Independence?

• The colonists beliefs on governments and peoples rights.

• Colonists grievances with Great Britain.

• States the colonies intent to become independent.

• Outlines the powers of the President.

What ideas shaped the declaration of independence?

Ideas in the Declaration of Independence were based on ideas from European Philosophers.

• Philosopher: A person who seeks to understand the world, universe, society, and our place in it by seeking answers to big questions. (Example: what is justice?)

• Questions Philosophers were asking at the time included things about Human nature, where governments come from, and how to know if a government is good or not.

Philosophers Jefferson based ideas off of included:

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

All 3 wrote about the "Social Contract" - Idea that people live in societies because they agree to follow the society's social rules.

​

Match

Match the Definitions:

• A person who seeks to understand the world by answering big questions.

• The idea that people live in societies because they agree to follow society's rules.

• Where do governments come from and how do we know if a government is good or not?

Philosopher

Social Contract Theory

Popular philosophy questions from the 1700s.

• Philosopher

• Social Contract Theory

• Popular philosophy questions from the 1700s.

People Create governments to protect themselves.

​​Thomas Hobbes, 1588 - 1679

• ​Major Work: Leviathan

• Big Ideas:

  • State of Nature: People are naturally evil, without laws - and kings to enforce them - there would be chaos and suffering.

  • The Social Contract: People create governments, therefor giving up some of their rights, to protect themselves from themselves.

Poll

Do you agree or disagree with Hobbs's ideas?

• Agree

• Disagree

• People have rights that cannot be taken away.

• If a government tries to take away those rights, the government should be changed.

​​John Locke, 1632 - 1707

• Major Work: Two Treatises of Government

• Big Ideas:

  • Natural Rights: All people have rights to life, liberty, and property.

  • The Social Contract:

    • People allow themselves to be governed by a government in order to protect their natural rights.

    • A government that does not respect people's natural rights, can justly be overthrown - by force if necessary.

Poll

Do you agree or disagree with Locke's ideas?

• Agree

• Disagree

Governments should be run by the people, not kings.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712 - 1778

• Major Work: The Social Contract

• Big Ideas:

  • State of Nature: People are naturally good, but are corrupted by society and the inequality it causes.

• The Social Contract:

  • Builds off of Locke

  • People should find a government that can protect Natural Rights BUT also not introduce inequality.

  • Solution: the people of a society be the governing force of the society. Instead of a King.

Poll

Do you agree or disagree with Rousseau's ideas?

• Agree

• Disagree

Match

Match the philosopher to their major idea:

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

People create governments to protect themselves

People have natural rights, & governments should be changed if they try to take them away.

Governments should be run by the people, not kings.

• People create governments to protect themselves

• People have natural rights, & governments should be changed if they try to take them away.

• Governments should be run by the people, not kings.

Match

Match the Philosopher to their book:

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Leviathan

Two Treatises of Government

The Social Contract

• Leviathan

• Two Treatises of Government

• The Social Contract

Key ideas of the Declaration of Independence:

In the first section of the Declaration of Independence, colonists state their ideas on how governments should govern, building on ideas from philosophers:

1. People have Unalienable Rights (rights that cannot be taken away) to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

2. People create governments to protect their unalienable rights.

3. Governments get their power from the people they govern.

4. People have a right and duty to change their government if it violates their unalienable rights.

Multiple Choice

What is an "Unalienable Right"?

• A right that cannot be taken away

• A right given to us by aliens

• A right guaranteed by the US Government.

• A right that is given to a king.

Match

Match the idea from the Declaration of Independence to the Philosopher who inspired it:

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

People create governments to protect their unalienable rights.

People have unalienable rights. People should change their government if it violates those rights.

Governments get their power from the people they govern.

• People create governments to protect their unalienable rights.

• People have unalienable rights. People should change their government if it violates those rights.

• Governments get their power from the people they govern.